Sugarcane has a long growth period and high yield. Generally, it produces 5-8 tons of cane stems and 10 tons of high-yielding fields. It absorbs more nutrients throughout the growing season and is one of the crops requiring a relatively large amount of fertilizer. According to research, for every 1,000 kg of sugar cane grown, 1.5-2 kg of nitrogen, 1-2.5 kg of phosphorus, 2-2.5 kg of potassium, and 0.5-0.75 kg of calcium are drawn from the soil.
The life of sugarcane is divided into seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage, and process maturity. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the seedling stage accounted for 8%, 9%, and 4% of the total absorption in the whole growth period; it reached 16%, 18%, and 14% in the tillering period, and 66% in the extension period, respectively. , 68%, 74%; to mature period accounted for 10%, 6%, 8%. It shows that the early growth of sugarcane must have sufficient nutrient supply to promote the development of roots, early tillering and more tillers, and increase the number of effective sugarcane stems. During the middle period of sugarcane growth (elongation), sugarcane grows rapidly and needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients, showing a clear absorption peak. At this time, the nutrient supply should be sufficient, otherwise it will directly affect the yield of sugarcane.
Fertilization technology:
1. Apply base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizers and used in conjunction with chemical fertilizers to create good conditions for the rapid growth of sugarcane sprouts, root elongation, and early and strong tillering. Generally Mushi fully decomposed organic fertilizer 1500-2000 kg, and with general-purpose compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 20-30 kg. At the time of application, spring planting cane planted a ditch, applied organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch, and applied inorganic fertilizer on both sides of the ditch; winter planting sugarcane used organic manure as a cover fertilizer and was then covered with a layer of soil.
2. Apply Miao Fei early. The sugarcane seedling stage requires less fertilizer but requires fertilization. The demand for nitrogen is large, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Early application of Miao Miao not only promotes the growth of sugarcane seedlings and roots, but also promotes the growth of leaves, so that the leaf area is continuously expanded, photosynthesis is promoted, thus promoting the early birth and fast growth of tillering; if the fertilizer is insufficient, the growth of seedlings and pods will be short and stunted. Even if supplemented with fertilizer later, it is difficult to recover, eventually leading to a decline in yield and quality. Miaofei is recommended to use high-nitrogen compound fertilizer. When the cane seedling grows to 3-4 leaves, the compound fertilizer is 8-10 kg per mu. When applying, it should be combined with direct cultivation of cultivating soil, or applying water to the water hole, and responding to water hole in drought. In addition, it is necessary to check the shortage of seedlings in a timely manner so that the groups grow neatly.
3. Steady attack attack fertilizer. The tiller fertilizer should be determined according to the specific circumstances. If the base fertilizer and extracting seedlings are sufficient, the seedlings are strong, they can be applied once at the peak of the tillering period, and the amount of fertilizer should be less; if the base fertilizer is insufficient, the extracting seedlings are not enough, and the seedling growth is weak, the amount of fertilizer should be increased and the application should be divided into two applications. . One time in the early stages of childbirth to promote childbirth. It is applied once at the time of childbirth and guarantees strong growth. The tiller fertilizer is generally applied with high-nitrogen and potassium-type compound fertilizers, with 8-15 kilograms of Mushi, and the same applies to the water hole as the Miaofei, while the cultivated earth is 10-12 cm high.
4. Reapply attack stem fat. The attacking stem fertilizer is the key to increasing the yield of sugarcane and must be replanted. The main attack stem fertilizer is topdressing nitrogen fertilizer. It is generally applied twice in the early stage of elongation and during the prolonged period of growth. Each time, 15-20 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per acre, combined with cultivating large-scale cultivation soil to promote the growth of the cane root, strengthen the absorption function, and increase the resistance to reverse. If the early phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, it should be supplemented so that it can not only achieve the maximum growth, but will not reduce the sugar content and yield due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
5. Make up strong tail fertilizer. In order to promote and maintain the growth of the later period, it is beneficial to raise the underground cane buds and lay a good foundation for the perennial year of the roots. It usually takes about 5-8 kilograms of compound fertilizer per acre two months before maturity. The application time should not be too late, the amount should not be too much, so as not to delay maturity and reduce sugar, after the application of earth.
If there is a phenomenon of defertilization 1 month before harvest, foliar fertilizer application should be carried out. Apply 4 kg of monopotassium phosphate per acre, 0.5 kg of urea and 100 kg of water to mix and spray.
Fertilization points:
1. The top dressing must be combined with cultivating soil, fertilizing soil, and preventing fertilizer loss.
2. According to the growing situation of seedlings, adjust the amount of fertilizer.
3. The effect of applying fertilizer after rain is better.
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