Spring is a critical period for apple trees to bloom and set fruits, branches and leaves, and young fruits develop. Strengthen the spring management of apple orchards, and do the following points.
Fertilizer and water management
For apples, water and fertilizer management is very important. In areas with a lot of rain in spring or in rainy seasons, fruit growers should dig drainage ditches in advance to prevent water from accumulating in the apple orchard.
In the process of fertilizer and water management, soil plowing should be carried out between rows 50 cm away from the main stem to reduce root damage. Cultivation and protection of tree trays should be done well when plowing. It should also be noted that intercropping high-stalk crops is prohibited in orchards. Promote grass management in orchards and intercropping legume green manure. The intercropping time is 50 cm away from the main trunk.
With the arrival of spring, the temperature has risen sharply, and the new shoots and flower buds of apple trees germinate fast. Fruit farmers should also chase the pre-flower fertilizer immediately to improve the overall nutritional level of the apple trees and increase the cold resistance of the flower buds. Topdressing can be based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and the application amount should account for 20% of the annual fertilizer application. The fertilization time is early March. The types of fertilization are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, and the principle of fertilizing trees is adhered to. The amount of fertilization for prosperous trees and young trees is small, and the amount of fertilization for weak trees and fruiting trees is large.
Flower and fruit management for a year's harvest in one fell swoop
To protect flowers and fruits, it is necessary to promote pollination and fertilization. For apple orchards with improper or insufficient allocation of pollinator trees, in March, fruit growers should supplement the pollinated varieties at a ratio of 5:1 to 6:1 between the main planted varieties and the pollinated varieties. For orchards with high-spindle apples, Special pollination varieties, such as red agate, can be grafted at a ratio of 15:1. When the flowering period is cloudy, rainy, strong wind, and insect activity is low, bees can be used for artificial pollination. In addition, spraying 0.3% borax solution during flowering can also increase the fruit setting rate.
Flower thinning should be carried out from the separation period of the inflorescence to the full bloom period, the sooner the better. The flower buds are thinned before flowering, and the inflorescence is thinned during the flowering period. The fruit grower can keep an inflorescence (flower bud) at a distance of 20 on the same side, and remove the flower buds that germinate too late, the inflorescences damaged by disease and insects, and the excessive inflorescences on weak branches, especially the sub-inflorescences with few flowers and few leaves. The inferior stays the good; the lower part of the canopy stays more, and the tip of the branches stays less. The amount of flowers remaining in the whole tree is about 50%, weak trees should be kept less, and strong trees should be kept more.
Fruit thinning is generally carried out in 2 times. The first fruit thinning is 2 weeks after the flower, choose the best and remove the inferior, remove the small fruit, dense fruit, deformed fruit, diseased fruit, remove the side fruit of the inflorescence, and leave the fruit of the first to second rose in the center; the second Thinning fruit is also called fixed fruit. When the size and shape of the fruit can be clearly distinguished, one fruit is reserved for every 25-30 leaves according to the yield. Choose the fruit with large and straight fruit and long stalk. In principle, only one fruit per inflorescence is reserved. The fruit should be finished about 20-25 days after flowering.
Disease and pest control ensures that Apple is worry-free throughout the year
The main diseases and insect pests of apple trees are apple rot disease, ring disease, scab, brown spot disease, peach heartworm, pear worm, apple leaf roller moth, yellow aphid, cotton aphid, red spider and so on. Spring is a better period for the prevention of the above-mentioned pests and diseases.
In the beginning of spring, fruit growers can timely scrape the stem rot and stigma disease, paint Dirot, Kufuling, etc., spray 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur mixture before budding in early March (when the scales are just loosening). Medicine must be applied to dry surfaces to eliminate overwintering pest eggs.
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