How is Eucommia planted? Eucommia ulmoides is a common medicinal material that is usually common. Its young leaves, flowers and fruits can be used as medicines, and Eucommia ulmoides have strong adaptability, less pests and diseases, and can resist pollution. It is one of the good tree species for urban greening. The breeding methods and cultivation management techniques of Eucommia ulmoides are summarized below. You can refer to the reference.
1 breeding method
1.1 Seeding and seedling
1.1.1 Seed treatment. Eucommia ulmoides seeds contain gutta-percha, which is difficult to germinate and affects the water swelling of seeds. Therefore, seeds must be germinated before sowing to increase the germination rate of the seeds. The commonly used germination method is sand layer stratification, where the leeward sun is sunny, the terrain is flat, the gas permeability is good, and the water is not accumulated. The sand depth is 0.6~1.0 m, which is below the frozen soil layer. First put 10 cm thick sand at the bottom of the sand pit, then mix the seeds and wet sand in a ratio of 1:3 (wet sand is suitable for holding the group without dripping), put it in the pit, and insert the grass around Conducive to ventilation; or a layer of seed placed in a layer of sand, the top cover sand 15 cm, and then covered with soil, sowing seeds can be sieved out. If most of the seeds are not exposed during sowing, they can be soaked in warm water of 200 °C for 24~36 h before sowing, and the water should be changed every 12 h. After soaking, the seeds are removed and dried, and then sown.
1.1.2 Soil preparation. The nursery site should choose loam or sandy soil block with leeward sun, good drainage and fertile soil. Before sowing, the soil was deeply cultivated, and the farmyard manure was applied with 37.5~45.0 t/hm 2 , and the ferrous sulfate was sprayed with 150~300 kg/hm 2 for soil disinfection.耙平畦畦, the width of the 畦 is generally 1.0~1.2 m.
1.1.3 Sowing. In the spring, it is appropriate to plant in mid-April and autumn from late October to early November. The method is mainly based on strip. After the soil preparation, the ditch is filled with water at a distance of 30 cm. After the underwater seepage, the seeds are spread or spotted in the ditch. The ditch depth is 3~4 cm, the row spacing is about 20 cm, the covering soil is 1.5 cm, and the seeding amount is 120~150 kg/hm. It can produce 300,000 to 450,000 plants/hm 2 of Eucommia ulmoides seedlings. And mulching or covering the grass on the seedbed to moisturize, in order to facilitate emergence.
1.1.4 Management of seedlings. 20 days after emergence, 4 to 5 true leaf time seedlings were grown in the seedlings. In the absence of seedlings, seedlings should be replenished, and the seedlings should be carried out on a cloudy day to facilitate survival. The seedlings should be fixed at a plant spacing of 3~5 cm at around 30 days, so that the density is maintained at 180,000 to 225,000 plants/hm 2 . The seedling height was about 10 cm, and the topdressing stage began to apply fertilizer. The urea was applied 30~45 kg/hm 2 . 6—July is the peak season for seedling growth. It needs to be topdressed once a month, and urea is applied at 45~60 kg/hm 2 . Fertilization combined with watering, timely drainage in the rainy season. In the second half of August, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped, and the potassium fertilizer or the plant ash should be increased in an appropriate amount to make the seedlings grow and flourish for safe winter.
1.2 Cutting seedlings
1.2.1 Cutting treatment. From May to July each year, choose the new shoots that are strong, well-developed and semi-lignified in the current year, which are cut into 5~10 cm. Each cutting should be 3-4 knots, and the upper cuts should be cut from 1.0~1.5 cm. The lower cut is cut at the base or node of the lateral bud, the cut is 2~3 mm away from the node, and 1~2 half leaves are left for each cutting. In order to promote rooting, the cuttings can be soaked with 0.005% butyl butyrate or naphthic acetic acid for 24 hours, and then cut to promote rooting.
1.2.2 Cutting matrix. The seedbed bed can be made of river sand, the seedbed is leveled, grooved or inserted with a wooden stick or bamboo stick according to the row spacing of 5 cm × 10 cm, and the cuttings are inserted into the hole. The cutting depth is 5~7 cm, and the water is poured after cutting, so that the cuttings and the river sand are closely connected. A small arch shed is built on the seedbed, and the plastic film is covered on the plastic film. The plastic film is sealed with soil compaction to moisturize and heat the seedbed. The temperature in the seedbed is controlled at about 25 °C, and the humidity is above 90% to promote the rooting of the shoots. You can also shade the shade and often spray water to keep the seedbed moist.
1.2.3 Management after cutting. After the cutting, spray the water once a day to keep the leaves fresh and the seedbed moist. If the temperature is too high, spray the water twice. When the temperature in the seedbed reaches 30 °C, the corner of the plastic film can be uncovered to reduce the temperature. After 16:00, the cover is tight, and the root can be rooted after 30~40 days. The survival rate can reach over 80%. When the root system grows vigorously, the plastic film can be slowly opened for refining, so that the cutting seedlings gradually adapt to the external environment.
2 Cultivation techniques
2.1 For the purpose of stripping eucommia
When planting, choose the gentle slope, the water condition and the well-ventilated gentle slope or flat cultivation. The seedlings are required to be strong, the roots are developed, and the growth is good. Before planting, the base fertilizer should be applied. Each plant should be given 50 kg of manure and 0.5 kg of superphosphate. After planting, the bottom water should be poured.
2.2 For the purpose of harvesting dried skin and seeds
The density of the stand should be small, and the initial planting density should be around 3,000 plants/hm 2 . By reducing the weak branches and removing male plants, the density is reduced to 750-900 plants/hm 2 , the female plants account for about 80%, and the harvesting period is 15-20 years. The annual production of seeds is 750~1 500 kg/hm 2 . , production of fresh skin about 1 500 kg / hm 2 .
2.3 For the purpose of harvesting leaves and branches
The density should be increased appropriately, and it is suitable to plant 3 000~4 500 plants/hm 2 . In the third year after afforestation, from May to June, the soil was cut and cultivated at a height of 5~20 cm above the ground, and a large number of sprouts were extracted in the same year. It will be cut down every 3 years and stripped of the branches and leaves.
2.4 For the purpose of harvesting Eucommia ulmoides, branches and leaves
The planting density is 900~1 500 plants/hm 2 , which is suitable for the development of mountainous areas with better site conditions. After drying, 4~6 main branches are selected for cultivation in the tip. When the diameter of the main branch reaches about 5 cm, the bark of 1~2 main branches is taken and stripped every year, and stripped every 3~5 years. The main bark is 1 time.
3 tending management
3.1 Young forest tending
The eucommia seedlings planted in the same year should be watered frequently to ensure survival, and the seedlings with the shoots should be cut back early. The weeding should be carried out once every 10 days in the rainy season for 3 to 5 times. The young trees after the survival are small in June-August. Topdressing, urea application of 300 kg / hm 2 is appropriate.
3.2 Watering and fertilizing
Every spring from March to May, watering should be carried out 2 to 3 times according to the soil moisture to ensure the growth of the tree and the need for flowering and fruiting. Fertilization should be based on the soil characteristics of the forest land, soil moisture and the characteristics of the tree body fertilizer. Generally, the adult eucommia should be applied with manure or human manure 30~75 t/hm 2 , urea 300-900 kg/hm 2 and superphosphate 750. ~1 050 kg/hm 2 .
3.3 Undergrowth
Eucommia juvenile forest land can be used as vegetables, melons, herbs and beans or green manure between rows to increase soil fertility and increase forest income.
4 Eucommia peel mining, primary processing technology
4.1 Mining and stripping technology
The mining and peeling of Eucommia ulmoides is based on the principle of maximizing the harvest and ensuring the survival of the tree, the trunk does not produce cockroaches, and the tree is not seriously degraded. During the stripping season, the strong growth period of the trees in the growing season should be selected. The mining age is generally around 10 years, and the trunk diameter is about 10 cm. In the different orientations of the trunk, 2~3 strips with a width of 5~10 cm and a length of 50~60 cm are stripped, and the total width of the stripping is about 1/3 of the dry week. Afterwards, the position is changed every year. 1 cycle.
4.2 Primary processing technology
The newly harvested Eucommia ulmoides should be stacked in a timely manner. The method is to flatten and align them, compact them with wooden boards and stones, and cover them with straw mats or sacks. After 3~7 days, the bark turns from green to brown. , spread out and dried, finally flattened and shaped, bundled for sale.
The above content source head number is Qing Qian Liu, the farmer friends who want to plant Eucommia can carefully visit Huinong.com, more exciting content can continue to pay attention to this site!
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