Peanut aphids are cockroaches, commonly known as "honey worms", also known as "greasy worms", which are a common pest in flower production areas in China.
First, the hazard
When the early spring peanuts have not yet emerged, the locusts can penetrate into the young shoots. After emergence, the sap is absorbed on the back of the young heart. After the initial flowering, the aphids gather on the calyx tube and the fruit needle to make the peanut plants short and the leaves curl, which affects the flowering needle and normal fruiting. In severe cases, the mites discharge a large amount of honey juice, causing mold to parasitize, making the stems and leaves black, which can cause the whole plant to die. Generally reduced production by 20% to 30%, severe 50% to 60%, and even production. Aphids are important media for peanut virus disease. In addition to their own pests, they often cause fulminant viral diseases.
Second, life habits
Peanut mites occur 20 to 30 generations a year. Mainly in the wingless viviparous females and nymphs in the leeward sunny side of the hillside ditch, roadside leeks and other cruciferous and diced bean weeds or winter peas overwinter, a small number of eggs overwintering. In the middle of March of the next year, it was propagated on the wintering hosts. When the average temperature in the middle and late April rose back to 14 °C, a large number of winged crickets were produced, which successively visited the host plants of the amaranth or the hedgehog, the amorpha, the young shoots and the spring peas. Moved up and formed the first peak of migration. After the peanuts were unearthed in the middle and late May, the host plants such as leeks in the field gradually wilted, and a large number of winged mites were produced, which migrated to the peanut fields and formed the second peak of migration. This resulted in the peanut field that began to bloom in early June. The locusts are harmful. In mid-June, due to rising temperatures and dry weather, it is beneficial for aphids to reproduce, and a large number of winged crickets are again spread inside and outside the peanut fields, forming a third peak of migration. At this time, it is the flowering period of peanuts. If the conditions are suitable (drought, less rain, high temperature), the aphids will multiply quickly, and the generation will be completed in 4 to 7 days, and the density of insects in the field will increase sharply. This is the period when the mites are harmful to peanut mites, and it is also the peak period of peanut virus disease. From July to August, the rainy season is coming, the humidity is high, the natural enemies are many, the density of locusts is sharply reduced, and the weather is hot, and some locusts are transferred to the cool places. From September to October, the temperature decreased. After the peanuts were harvested, the winged mites migrated from the peanuts and the beans to the amaranth, diced and other host hazards and wintering.
Third, prevention and treatment methods
1. Administration of a systemic insecticide. In combination with the peanut seeding, the seed was applied with 0.5 kg of phosgene (812) before the soil was covered. Peanut seeds absorb these systemic insecticides, and when the mites migrate to the hazard after emergence, they can be killed. The potency of the drug lasts for more than 60 days, and it can also treat other pests such as cockroaches, golden worms, and thrips.
2. Spray the liquid before starting the flower. Peanut seedlings that are not covered with pesticides should be sprayed with 30 to 40 liters of insecticide liquid per acre. Commonly used pesticides are: 50% phoxim l500 ~ 2000 times liquid; spray the nozzle up, spray the back of the leaves, and pay attention to spray.
3. Flowering and down-stage pesticide fumigation. Peanut enters the flowering needle stage, and when it is found to be harmful to the mites, it uses 80% of dichlorvos 75-100 grams per acre, 25 kilograms of fine soil or 7.5 kilograms of wheat glutinous rice, 2.5 liters of water and evenly mixed, and sown in peanuts, under high temperature conditions. The dichlorvos volatilizes the peanuts and kills the aphids, and the control effect can reach more than 90%.
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