The high nutritional value of mutton is in line with the development trend of high-protein and low-fat food structure in the world today; mutton sheep is a highly efficient and grain-saving herbivorous livestock, and the development is in line with the national conditions and public opinion; cultivating meat with mountain sheep has less investment and quick effect and can not only effectively We will develop and utilize grassland and grassland resources, and we will be able to make full use of high-quality forage grasses cultivated in farmland and cultivated land. The traditional mountain sheep breeding is dominated by grazing. In some places, due to overgrazing, the ecological balance is destroyed. At present, house keeping sheep has become a main breeding mode for sheep owners to choose. 1 Sheep farm construction and main facilities 1.1 Selection of breeding houses Sheep farm selection and building sheep houses need to be planned according to the number of existing goats and the scale of development, funding status, and mechanization level. At the same time, local conditions should also be fully considered and production costs should be reduced. The sheep house should be built in a place with high ground, well-drained, dry and ventilated, light-transmitting to the sun and ample water. 1.2 The building sheep-raising sheep house is generally 4 to 6 meters wide, 2 to 3 meters high, the length of which depends on the number of sheep, the sheep house area is calculated to be 1.2 to 1.5 square meters per sheep, and a playground is built next to the sheep. Surrounded by shade trees. The floor is nailed into a bed with a spacing of 1 to 1.5 centimeters with wooden strips, bamboo strips or fine wooden sticks so that the feces and urine fall on the ground. The sheep bed can be divided into columns and can also be made into movable boards. 1.3 The house requirements and design houses are divided into rams, ewes, lambs, fattening sheep pens with movable wooden fences, and grass racks, feeding troughs and drinking water equipment are provided in the circle. She set up a straw frame against the wall with a wooden strip. The height of the straw frame was about 1 meter, and a gap of 15 centimeters wide was taken. The trough can be made of cement or wood to form a long trough, generally 25 centimeters wide, 22 centimeters wide and 10 to 15 centimeters deep. The bottom of the trough is arc-shaped. It is best to leave an outlet hole outward. The drinking water equipment is installed along the wall, and an automatic water drinker can be used. It is installed every 3 meters, and a sink or basin can also be installed. 1.4 Medicine bath should be built in the vicinity of the pen building medicine bath, medicine bath into a narrow pool, deep not less than 1 meter, the bottom width of 30 to 60 cm, the mouth width of 60 to 80 cm; the entrance end of a ramp, easy sheep Into the pool; the export side has a certain degree of slope steps, so that the body's liquid medicine back to the pool. 2 Precautions for introduction 2.1 Preparation before introduction of sheep Before the departure of the sheep, analyze it based on factors such as local agricultural production, fodder and forage, geographical location, etc., and specifically examine the characteristics of several breeds of sheep and the local Adaptability, and then determine what species to introduce, is a goat or a sheep. For example, in the area south of the Yellow River, it is suitable for goat feeding. In the cold north, it is more suitable for sheep rearing. The mountainous hilly area is also suitable for goat breeding. According to one's own financial resources, we must reasonably determine the number of sheep to be introduced so that we can buy sheep and have money to raise sheep. Prepare forage preparation before purchasing sheep, repair sheep house, and provide necessary facilities. 2.2 Choosing the time of attracting sheep The most suitable season for the sheep is spring and autumn. This is because the temperature in the two seasons is not low and the weather is neither cold nor hot. The most wild bogey introduced in the summer, from June to September the weather was hot, rainy, most of them are not conducive to long-distance transportation. If the lead sheep is closer, no more than one day, it may not consider the sheep's season. For the local good breed sheep, most of these sheep are concentrated in the hands of farmers. Therefore, we must try to avoid the summer harvest and the busy autumn season. At this time, most farmers do not care to sell sheep. The choice is narrow and it is difficult to attract sheep. 2.3 The purchase of sheep is the key to the smooth development of sheep production. If the farmer wants to go to the sheep farm to attract sheep, it is necessary to first understand whether there is a livestock production license issued by the animal husbandry department in the sheep farm. 》ã€â€œSpecification Certificate for Breeding Sheep†and “Registration of Earlation Number†are the completeness of the three. If the farmers in the main producing areas purchase, they should take the initiative to contact the local animal husbandry department, or they can entrust the animal husbandry department to handle them, so that they can take good quality control. When selecting, it depends on whether its appearance characteristics are in line with the characteristics of this breed. The ram should choose 1 to 2 years old. The hand touches the testis with flexibility; the hand feels painful and many suffer from orchitis, and the sensation is middle and upper class, but don’t overdo it. thin. Most ewes choose to be around the age of majority. Most of these sheep are in the breeding period. The ewes must be strong, the nipples should be large and even, and the number of rams should be determined according to the size of the population. The general ratio requirement is 1:15 to 20. The smaller the population, the more appropriate the increase. Number of rams to prevent inbreds. 3 The key to ensuring the success of large-scale sheep raising 3.1 Reducing feeding costs Sheep are herbivores. Compared with feed animals, pigs have a slow growth rate and low production efficiency. Therefore, the cost of raising the sheep is the key to the success of large-scale sheep farm operations. . In areas where the price of high-quality peanut meal, sweet potato meal and soybean meal is above 0.15 yuan/kg, we must adopt grass-raising sheep or silage technology to ensure that the cost of forage grass is reduced. For example, planting high-quality forage grass can better solve the problem of high quality straw shortage in sheep breeding areas and the high price of high-quality straw, limiting the development of large-scale sheep breeding. In addition, micro-storage, ammoniation, alkalinization and other advanced straw processing technology, is also a key technology to improve the utilization of low-quality straw, reduce feed costs. For example, the use of fermented straw powder and bran, followed by some corn quail feeding, eliminates the need for additional bean cake feed, which is more effective in reducing feed costs. 3.2 Selection of elite varieties The male parents should choose varieties with large individual size, fast growth rate, wide range of recipes, good meat performance, good meat quality, high slaughter rate, and strong adaptability. Saanen dairy goats are often used as the first male parent and the Boer goat as the second male parent in production. 3.3 Determination of Hybridization Models Goat hybrids have two methods of binary hybridization, three-way hybridization and progressive hybridization. If large-scale farms or large breeding families feed local goats, Saanen goats or Boer rams can be introduced for binary crossbreeding. Hybrid male rams are all fattened, and hybrid female ewes can be fattened and used as seeds for reuse. Goat hybrids. Among them, the cross between the Sabine binary ewes and the Bol rams is called a three-way cross, and all the crossbreds are fattened; the cross between the bougainvillea binary ewes and the polo rams is called the advanced binary crossbreeding, and the Posabbon The ternary crossbred ewes were then crossed with the Bol rams to become triads. From the perspective of hybridization, three-way hybrids are superior to binary ones, and triad hybrids are superior to three-way hybrids. 3.4 Adjusting the lambing season and increasing the survival rate of lambs. Some countries, such as the United States, attach great importance to the breeding season and mass production in lamb production. The experience is that lambs are intensively raised in March and listed on the market from July to November. China's Hebei, Guizhou and other provinces have also done some research in this area and summed up some useful experiences. According to China's specific conditions, the same period of estrus reproduction technology can be used to adjust the breeding season to September to October, the second year of March to March concentration of lambs, can effectively reduce the mortality of lambs. 3.5 Regular immunization and insect repellent inside and outside sheep house should be regularly cleaned, and bleached regularly with bleaching powder, 100 toxins and other disinfection. In the spring and autumn seasons, the animals were repelled with broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs such as disometamin, levodozole, and trichlorfon, and three pairs of seedlings or five pairs of seedlings and goat pox were selected according to the epidemic situation of the local herd. , Vaccine against inactivated foot-and-mouth disease, and infectious pleuropneumoniae vaccine are regularly or irregularly vaccinated. 3.6 Grasping the moderate scale The scale of meat goat farming depends on many factors such as investment ability, market price, forage area, feeding and management conditions, and the proportion of male and female farmers. Practice has shown that the minimum size of rearing hens should not be less than 20, and the appropriate size should be 40-50. It is advisable to control the breeding scale of specialized large households specializing in lamb fattening to 100-150 eggs. 3.7 Reasonable group rearing Due to the different production purposes of breeding sheep, gestating ewes and lambs, there are different requirements for forage feed quality and feeding and management conditions. Polyculture tends to cause lack of nutrients for lambs, prolonging the fattening period, and then increasing the cost of raising the animals. The rams mess with each other, affect their utilization, and even lead to the overall degradation of the sheep. Therefore, farmers should rationally group herds according to their purpose, requirements and age structure. 3.8 The construction of high-bed sheep collar slat floor sheepfold has the advantages of drying, ventilation, and easy removal of feces, which can greatly reduce the occurrence of sheep disease. The height of the slatted floor from the ground is 30 to 50 cm. Wooden and bamboo pieces can be used for the plates. The distance between them is about 3 cm. In winter, a wooden sheep bed should be placed on the slatted floor for the sheep to lie down. At the same time, it is necessary to teach goats to excrete feces at regular intervals to keep the sheep bed clean and dry. 3.9 Lamb fattening The purpose of fattening lambs for fattening is to increase daily gain and feed utilization. Feed minerals and concentrates on the premise of ensuring sufficient green feed or hay. Farmers can purchase goat mining quality bricks and hang them in a circle for sheep to feed freely. Concentrates can be prepared using corn, soybean cake and other raw materials. Its formula is: corn 55%, wheat bran 25%, rice bran 4%, rapeseed cake 8% and bean cake 8%. 3.10 Appropriate body weight of slaughtered meat The appropriate body for slaughter of sheep is based on comprehensive evaluations of daily performance factors such as daily weight gain, feed utilization, slaughter rate, and market demand. The slaughter weight is too low, the growth potential of mountain sheep has not been fully exerted, and the amount of meat produced is also low; the weight of the slaughter is too high. Although the amount of meat produced increases, the feed utilization rate decreases. The peak period of hybrid sheep growth was later than that of local sheep, and its appropriate slaughter weight should be larger than that of local sheep.
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