Forage harvesting mechanization technology has very mature experience in North America and Europe, and there are many kinds of pasture harvesting machinery. The mechanization of forage harvesting in China is still at the initial stage. Forage harvesting machinery, especially the harvesting machinery for alfalfa, is mainly from abroad. Imported, domestic machinery is mainly based on round balers, mostly used for the recovery of rice straw. Whether it is for imported or domestic machinery, domestic users should be careful when purchasing, carefully analyze the characteristics, performance and adaptability of each machine, so as to better make it play its biggest role and provide the development of forage industry in China. Strong equipment support. Now a brief introduction is made on the main features of the various imported forage harvesting machinery, especially on the harvesting machinery, and the applicable supporting schemes. The main types of pasture harvesting machinery: 1. The main function of the mower-squashing machine is to cut and flatten the pasture, and form a grass shop with a certain shape and thickness on the ground. Classified according to the structure of the cutting part. Can be divided into reciprocating mower and disc mower flattening machine; in accordance with the driving power drive classification. Can be divided into self-propelled and traction type, and for the traction type there are traction frame type and the central axis traction frame type; according to the width of the mowing width classification, there are narrow and wide width grass flattening machine; according to pressure Flat classification, there are rubber roller, steel roller and hammer type. Different mower conditioners have different operating conditions. 2. Alfalfa weeds have basically been mechanized in the harvesting process of the Dutch forages, but the mechanization procedure in our country is still very low. The machine is used to turn over the pasture after the cutting and spread and paving to accelerate the drying of pasture. Weeding machinery includes finger-type rakes, fence-type rakes, and grasshoppers and other varieties. 3. Balers can be divided into square balers and round balers. Square balers are divided into small square balers and medium and large square balers. The mass of the grass phase of the small square baler is generally about 18 kg, the cross section of the bale is (36-41) cm (46-56) cm, and the length is adjustable from 31 to 132 cm. The mass of bales used by medium-sized square bales is about 454 kilograms, and the cross-sectional size is generally 80 cm centimeters, and the length is about 250 centimeters. The mass of bales used by large balers is 510-998 kg, and the cross-section size of bales is (80-120) cm (70-127) cm and the length is 250-274 cm. The quality of round bales is generally 134 to 998 kg, the bale length is 99 to 156 cm, the bale diameter is 76 to 190 cm, the bale size can be adjusted, and the round bale can be tightly wrapped with nets and bundles. 4. Bale handling and stacking machinery Bale handling and stacking machinery includes self-propelled or towed square bale pickers and multi-functional handlers. The main features of pasture harvesting machinery: Mowing conditioner. Here mainly introduces the main features of the reciprocating mower conditioner and the disc mower conditioner. (1) Reciprocating mower conditioner. The required tractor power is relatively small. For example, the New Holland 488 mower conditioner requires only a minimum tractor power output shaft power of 26.5 kW. Shearing is used to cut and the grass is cut neatly. The width can be chosen from a large range of 2.2-5.6 meters. The maximum operating speed is 12-13 dry meters/h. The mechanical construction cost is relatively low, the investment is small, and the operating cost is higher than the disc type. (2) Disc type mower conditioner. Disc mowers use a blade on a high-speed rotary disc to impact the cutting stems, and are particularly suitable for cutting high and thick stem crops. The cut gargle is not neat and it is generally not easy to produce clogging. The operation speed is fast, up to 14-15 km/h, and the efficiency of mowing is high. The operating width is 3-4.8 meters. The power needed to support the tractor is relatively large, and the power output shaft power of the tractor should be at least 58.8 kilowatts. The cost of machinery is relatively high, investment is high, and operating costs are lower than reciprocating. 2. The rake (1) refers to the rake. The use of high-speed rotating gears to make buildings and grasses has high operating efficiency and relatively low investment costs. If used for boring operations, it will hit the blades and the blades will lose a lot. Since the rake wheel itself is also the driving wheel, it is easy to mix the soil blocks or stones into the grass, which will reduce the quality of pasture. (2) Fence rakes. The basket's spring teeth gently roll the crops horizontally to complete the sward operation. The movement of the springs is driven by a special wheel or hydraulic motor. The springs are contoured near the ground and do not touch the ground. Avoid mixing rocks or debris to obtain high quality hay. It is especially suitable for hoeing and drying. The investment is higher than the disk rake. 3. Baling machine. (1) Small square baler. Because the grass is smaller, the bale can be used when the grass has a relatively high moisture content. The harvest quality of pasture is relatively high, the feeding is convenient, the cost is relatively low, and the investment is relatively small. It is suitable for long-distance transportation and requires the tractor's power output shaft. The power is small, and the minimum power output is 25.7 kilowatts; the bale can be loaded and unloaded by hand. The disadvantage is that the baling operation and the bale handling operation require more labor. Old medium and large square balers. High operating efficiency, convenient transportation, can be packaged directly, making silage; The cost of the baler is relatively high, the investment is relatively high, the power of the tractor engine is required to be large, and the medium-sized baler needs more than 73.5 kilowatts of tractor Large balers require 147 kW tractors; bales must be mechanized for handling and handling. 1 round baler. The operation efficiency is higher than that of the small square-phase bundling machine, and it can be packaged after baling to produce silage directly; the power of the matching tractor is higher than that of the small square-phase bundling machine and is lower than the large square baler; the bale must be mechanized Handling and handling are not suitable for long-distance transportation. 4. Bale handling and stacker cranes (1) Trailed small square baler pickup and stacker trucks. Traction work by tractors is used to pick up and stack small bundles, and the investment is relatively low. (2) self-propelled small square bundle pickup and stacker. Self-propelled, no other mechanical traction, used for picking and stacking of small square bales, with high operating efficiency. For example, the group 1095 self-propelled pickup truck can pick up sections of 41 cm x 46 cm and 38/41 x 56 cm The three kinds of bales can be used to pick up 63 to 160 bales at one time, with a mass of 2 to 6.5 tons; however, the aircraft has a large investment. (3) Multi-functional stacker cranes. For the loading and unloading and stacking of large or round bales, the boom has a wide range of retracting and can be used to complete a variety of work items. The operation is flexible and convenient, and the investment is large. Supporting programs Although there are many varieties of forage harvesting machines available on the international market, due to the limitation of the domestic power level of the mechanical power, the investment scale and other factors, the supporting scheme commonly used at present is "a narrow reciprocating mowing pressure Flat machine ten-bar fence type grass machine ten economical small square bundles sweeping machine". Take New Holland products as an example, the "488 type mower conditioner ten 256Rolabar fence type grass plow machine ten 565 square baler" is a relatively economical matching scheme. The main advantages of adopting this kind of supporting scheme: no need to purchase wheeled tractors with a capacity of more than 73.5 kilowatts, and only use domestically produced 36B-473 kilowatt wheeled tractors, which will not present 'small horse-drawn carts'. The awkward situation of the best efficiency of the corresponding pasture machinery is less, the loss of grass leaves is smaller, and high-quality hay can be obtained, and since the bale is smaller, the handling of the bale can be carried out manually, which can reduce the investment in transport mechanization. The development plan of the “Narrow Reciprocating Mower Compressor 10 Fence Drawer 10 Economical Small Party Bundling Machine†is an economical scheme to realize the mechanization of the harvesting at the present stage. For upgrading, the wide application of wheeled tractors with a class of 73.5 kilowatts or higher will use a more technologically advanced supporting program.†Wide-range reciprocating mower or disc mower ten-bar series The ten high-efficiency small square bales sweeper or the large bale beater has the ten-grass phase handling and stacker.†For example, in the case of the Netherlands, the “1475 type wide-width reciprocating mowing flattening press can be used. Or 1431 type mower mower ten tandem type 256 or 258Rolabar fence type grass plow machine +575 or 580 small square tie machine ten 1095 small square bundle automatic pick up stacker car" program, which will undoubtedly further improve pasture Harvesting production efficiency.
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