Zhou Zhouzhi knows that cattle is the primary category of China's aquaculture industry. It is also one of the meat products that people like. It is not only delicious but also nutritious. It is a very popular meat product. So do farmers know how to raise cattle to get high benefits? The following small series talk about the management skills of correct cattle raising.
Site selection
The choice of breeding grounds directly affects the healthy growth of the herd and is an important factor in cultivating high quality cattle. Therefore, the farmer should choose the breeding site before raising the cattle. In the process of breeding, attention should be paid to the maintenance of the breeding ground to create an excellent growing environment for the cattle. First of all, the address of the barn should be selected in a place with high terrain, dry and ventilated, well-drained and well-lit. In this environment, the probability of occurrence of bovine disease can be minimized. In addition, considering the transportation of milk and cattle in the later period, cattle The transportation environment of the house must also be convenient. Secondly, the choice of the address requires high quality management of the construction and maintenance of the barn. The construction of the barn must be scientific and reasonable, which can facilitate the maintenance and management of the later period, so as to ensure the healthy growth of the cattle and improve the economic benefits of the farmers.
2. Farm disinfection work
A disinfection tank shall be provided at the entrance of the farm, and personnel shall be disinfected when entering the site. All vehicles in the field must be disinfected. The pool facilities can be sized according to the wheel spacing and the width of the road. They are generally the same width as the road, and the length is generally 1.5 to 2.5 times the circumference of the wheel. The design of the bottom of the pool should be sloped; the disinfectant in the disinfection can be added with 2% caustic soda solution. The disinfectant should be kept fresh. The large-scale cattle farm (more than 45 staff) is best to change the disinfectant every day. The small-scale cattle farm can be replaced every 7 days. For the epidemic prevention in the cattle farm, the equipment inside and outside the house and the equipment in the house are regularly disinfected. Different disinfecting drugs can be used according to the characteristics of the pathogen. The commonly used disinfecting drugs are peracetic acid, potassium permanganate, bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite, Iodine, formaldehyde, etc.
3. Variety selection
To improve beef quality and milk quality, the choice of cattle breeds is important. The choice of variety is an important part of breeding high quality cattle. The choice of cattle breeds includes two aspects. On the one hand, the selection of local cattle, the introduction of breeding cattle in the existing cattle, we must pay attention to the physical health of the cattle, try to pick healthy cows with strong constitution and smooth and moist nose. It can ensure the healthy growth of cattle and prevent disease invasion. On the other hand, the selection of cattle in the field, in order to cultivate better cattle, many farmers often adopt the practice of introducing cattle from other places, but this practice requires more strict screening of breeding cattle, in addition to the above for health. In addition to the inspection of infectious diseases, the introduction of foreign cattle should also pay attention to whether it can adapt to the local environment, after breeding with local cattle, can breed more excellent cattle, only to meet these conditions can local cattle The development of the industry has been an effective aid.
4. Do a good job in feed management
With the continuous development and application of large-scale farming technology, the number and scale of beef cattle breeding are expanding, and the demand for feed is also very large. Therefore, in the daily feeding management process, feed management should be done to ensure the nutrition of forage. And comprehensive. In order to make full use of the distiller's grains produced by the city's production of sauce-flavored liquor, the use of distiller's grains to fatten the commercial cattle can save the breeding cost and improve the breeding efficiency. A wide variety of forages can be selected for different cattle breeding processes. Cows should increase the succulent grass during pregnancy and delivery to ensure the balance of nutrient supply. In order to reduce production costs during the feeding process, local crop products and by-products should be used to crush corn stalks, rice and legumes. As a roughage feed, agricultural products such as corn, bean cake and bran are very good choices. At the same time, it promotes ammoniation of silage and straw, solves the source of feed, and ensures sufficient and diverse feed supply. In the process of breeding, nutrients that are not understood can be added to the feed, which helps to improve the resistance of the cattle and reduce the probability of disease occurrence. It not only ensures adequate nutrient supply, but also increases disease resistance.
5. Do a good job in cattle immunization
Immunization is the best measure to prevent a variety of diseases. In recent years, bovine blight has a high incidence trend, and at present, many epidemics have no effective targeted drugs. Therefore, we need to develop a scientific immunization program, scientific immunization, Prevent the occurrence of multiple diseases. First, do a good job in immune monitoring. Before the immunization, it is necessary to monitor the antibody level in the bovine in order to grasp the reasonable immunization time, avoid repeated immunization, and timely discover the condition, promptly vaccinate and eliminate the epidemic; secondly, do a good job of vaccination. Vaccination should be targeted. It should be combined with the epidemic situation in the region to establish a scientific level of immunity. After the vaccination, the immune response of the cattle should be closely observed. Finally, emergency vaccination should be carried out. Refers to the emergency immunization of cattle that are threatened and not yet ill in the rescue area in order to quickly extinguish the epidemic. Monitoring should be done before vaccination to remove sick cattle and latent cattle and hidden sick cattle. Or cull. Under normal circumstances, the whole herd is given an immunization of non-toxic anthrax spores in May or October every year. The foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine is injected every 4 months to 5 months to prevent the epidemic.
The key to cattle breeding lies in the growth environment and feeding management, and diseases often occur during the breeding process. Therefore, prevention should be done in advance to reduce the probability of disease occurrence and avoid economic losses. The above is the high-efficiency aquaculture management skills of cattle. Those who want to develop the breeding industry can refer to the reference.
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