Rice is the main food crop in China, and it is widely planted in China. How to grow rice in the Huaihe area? Everyone knows that rice growth is inseparable from water, so how does dry sowing promote rice sprouting? The following small series will tell you in detail about the dry cultivation techniques of rice in the Huaihe area.
    1 Site preparation
Careful land preparation, improve the quality of sowing, to achieve a full seedling, but also to facilitate the management of the field of fertilizer, weeding and other aspects. When preparing the land, it is required to fully level the surface, and the height difference is within 3 cm. The depth of the cultivation is about 25 cm. There should be no weeds and debris on the surface. One walkway is left every 4 m in the field (about 35 cm wide). ), easy to work in the field.
    2 sowing
The selection of dry-lived rice varieties requires wide adaptability, high yield, excellent rice quality, suitable for climate characteristics along the Huaihe region, short growth period and early maturity. The demand for dry-field rice planting along the Huaihe River area will be completed by June 10th, and strive to spread early, leaving sufficient time for the maturity of rice to avoid adverse weather such as freezing damage. Different rice varieties are suitable for different seeding rates, and the optimum seeding rate needs to be determined according to the germination rate of the seeds. For example, for common alfalfa varieties, if the seed germination rate is above 85%, suitable sowing is appropriate. The amount is 90-105 kg/hm 2 . The sowing depth should be shallow, about 2 cm, and the seeds should be evenly distributed when planting.
    3 fertilization
In the case of dry-field rice fertilization, it is necessary to avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilization should be scientifically avoided to avoid late-maturing phenomenon. The base fertilizer is applied with various fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc fertilizers. For the dry field with a yield index of 9 000-9 750 kg/hm 2 , the base fertilizer needs to be fully fertilized with high quality farmyard manure 15.0-22.5 t/hm 2 , Urea 150 ~ 225 kg / hm 2, potassium chloride 150 kg / hm 2, superphosphate 750 kg / hm 2, zinc sulfate 22.5 ~ 30.0 kg / hm 2, etc., while ploughing the land at the same time. The tiller fertilizer is generally divided into two types: promoting the fertilizer and protecting the fertilizer, and applying urea 112.5 and 90.0-112.5 kg/hm 2 respectively. The manure is promoted after the rice leaves are applied, and the manure fertilizer is applied 1 to 2 weeks after the application of the flower fertilizer. The fertilizer is promoted as early as possible to promote the early direct tillering of the rice in the dry season, and the fertilizer should be adequately applied. The rate of emergence of panicles reduces the proportion of ineffective tillers [4]. Three to four weeks before heading, topdressing potassium chloride 75 kg/hm 2 and urea 150.0-187.5 kg/hm 2 were used as panicle fertilizer to promote early flowering of rice plants, so that the stems grew thick and strong, and then applied again 7 to 10 days later. Urea 75 kg / hm 2 as a flower fertilizer to increase grain weight and increase production. After rice growth enters the filling stage, it is necessary to spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate as foliar fertilizer to improve the photosynthesis of functional leaves.
    4 watering
First, ensure that the moisture content in the soil is suitable and maintained in a moist state after sowing. Rice should be irrigated in the field in a dry and live broadcast mode to keep the soil moist until the seed emerges. The second is shallow moisture. After the direct seeding rice grows 3 leaves, it begins to fill the shallow water in the field, providing good water conditions for the tillering of rice plants, and enough seedlings to dry the fields, remembering that it is not suitable for heavy drying. The third is the careful management of water management during rice jointing and booting. Rice has a large demand for water during the panicle differentiation stage, so it is necessary to strengthen water management to avoid rice production loss due to lack of water. The fourth is the water management after heading. After the dry-seeded rice was headed, the water was cut off about 1 week before the rice harvest.
    5 pest and disease control
The growth rate of dry-lived rice in the early stage is relatively slow, which often causes the growth of weeds in the field to be strong. In order to prevent it from competing with rice plants for nutrients, water and space conditions, it is necessary to do a good job of weeding in a timely and scientific manner. There are many types of weeds in dry-field rice fields. If the climate changes greatly when applied, it will greatly increase the difficulty of weeding. The control of grass damage in dry-broad rice is mainly based on comprehensive control. The method of prevention is “one two kills and three supplementsâ€. “One†is 18%-22% of pendimethalin when sowing to emergence. Spraying L/hm 2, etc., “two kills†is sprayed 4% to 6% after the emergence of seedlings to the seedlings 2 leaves 1 heart 6% oxalicin + 4% ~ 6% 1000 emulsifiable concentrate 300 mL / hm 2 Etc., "three supplements" are generally mainly for perennial weeds or older weeds. Such weed chemical control is difficult to achieve good results, and manual weeding should be carried out in time.
The density of direct seeding rice is relatively large, the degree of canopy closure in the field is high, and the degree of pests and diseases is also serious. The main pests and diseases of dry-seeding rice in the Huaihe area include rice sheath blight, rice blast, rice smut, and rice leaf roller. To disinfected seeds before sowing, the seeds of the surface carrying the pathogen eradication; post-emergence to booting rice, rice blast easily occur, can be sprayed with 18% to 22% tricyclazole 750 ~ 1 500 kg / hm 2 ; From the tillering to the earing stage, sheath blight is easy to occur, and 12% to 13% of well wax buds can be sprayed 3 750 g/hm 2 , etc.; rice smut is prone to occur from the booting stage to the suitable panicle stage, and can be sprayed 48% to 52%. Carbendazim 1 500 g / hm 2; rice leaf roller can be sprayed with insecticidal double control.
    6 Meteorological disaster prevention
In the process of growth and development, the dry-lived rice in the Huaihe area may encounter adverse weather such as low temperature and cold damage, and it is necessary to take effective measures in time. If the seedling period encounters long-term low-temperature weather, it may cause the death of the seedlings, and there will be a lot of dead seedlings and rotten cockroaches. It can drain too much water in the field, chemically control the pests and diseases if necessary, and spray plant growth. Regulators and the like promote the rooting of plants and further regulate the growth of plants. If the flowering period encounters long-term low temperature conditions, it can cause a lot of glutinous grains in the rice grains, and the number of grains is reduced, which is not conducive to the increase of rice yield. It can be combined with the weather forecast to pre-fill the water and heat and spray the foliar fertilizer.
In fact, rice can be carried out in addition to paddy field sowing, and it is only necessary to master the management of water and fertilizer. The above is about the dry cultivation techniques of rice in the Huaihe area. You can learn from it.
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