1. Fertilize freely at any time: The cultivation of crops is the artificial planting of plants to obtain an organ of economic value. For example, we planted food crops such as wheat, corn, and rice in order to obtain more high-quality kernels; in the case of leafy crops such as cabbage, celery, and cabbage, we mainly harvested stem and leaf organs; as for tomatoes, cucumbers, and apples For other crops, what we need is its fruit. These economically valuable plant organs, because of the different parts of their growth, absorb different types of nutrients and their proportions from the soil. Wheat and corn have a large demand for nitrogen and phosphorus; cabbages, celery, and other leafy vegetables prefer nitrogen and potassium; apples, tomatoes, and cucumbers cannot lack potassium and calcium. At the same time, different growth stages of the same crop require different nutrient elements. Phosphorus is needed at the seedling stage. A large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus are required before flowering. The amount of potassium must be sufficient before the fruit begins to expand. In addition, different soils or different farming history, yield levels, etc., also have specific requirements for fertilization. However, many people do not pay attention to the real needs of these crops when fertilizing. The choice of fertilization time and fertilizer type often depends on their own feelings. This is obviously wrong.
2, manure do not need to ask people: This is our old ancestors left the cultivation experience. In the era of lack of chemical fertilizers, the key factor that restricts the level of crop yield is the quantity of nutrients supply. The nutrient types of farmyard manure are numerous but the content of each nutrient element is very low. Therefore, if the crop has a higher yield, There is no doubt that it will be "dung and water." However, today there are many kinds of chemical fertilizers and high nutrient content. Fertilization cannot copy this old saying. Otherwise, the consequences brought to us are not merely a waste of money. Physiological obstacles to crops, declining quality of agricultural products, and deterioration of soil properties will be presented to us with the abuse of fertilizers.
3, pay no attention to the ratio of compound fertilizer NPK: compound fertilizer, such as 15:15:15 the same ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, there is 25:5:15 similar to high nitrogen and potassium, low phosphorus, there are 25: High-potassium, high-potassium, such as 0:20, also has a high-phosphorus type, such as 10:30:5. The reason why there are so many kinds of compound fertilizers with different proportions is to choose the right proportion to meet the real needs of the crops according to crop types, growth periods, and so on. However, many people often overlook this point, leading to the fact that the crops would not have been able to be satisfied, and those that are not lacking have continued to increase;
4, do not understand the chemical properties of fertilizers: the same purpose is to add potassium, potassium nitrate water solubility is good, during the growth of crops, spraying or spreading is more appropriate, but should not be the end; potassium sulfate is more suitable for the end of application, topdressing The fertilizer effect will be slower and not suitable for flushing; potassium dihydrogen phosphate is more suitable for spraying or flushing. Compound fertilizer is divided into potassium sulfate type, chlorine type, and nitrosulfide based on chemical composition and processing technology of raw materials. Crops such as celery, wheat and corn are less sensitive to chlorine. Considering the cost, chlorine can be used. Compound fertilizers, tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes and other crops are best to use potassium sulfate or nitrate-based compound fertilizer. Among them, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is preferably used as a base fertilizer, and a sulfuric acid-based compound fertilizer can also be applied in addition to a base fertilizer. However, in production, it is not uncommon to flush out ordinary potassium sulfate compound fertilizers with poor water solubility.
5, wrong fertilization method: As the saying goes, deep nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer layered application. However, many farmers nowadays either apply ammonium bicarbonate, urea, or phosphate fertilizers after spraying water on the surface or directly fertilizing the fertilizer into the water. Not to mention that ammonium nitrogen, such as ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride, is applied to the surface of the earth and the ammonium nitrogen is easily lost. The amount of nitrogen that can be absorbed by the plant roots is very small, often only about 10% of the applied nitrogen. Serious waste can be imagined. Urea itself cannot be absorbed by plants and it must first be converted into ammonium nitrogen with the help of microbial decomposition in the soil before it can be absorbed by crops. The activity of soil microorganisms requires proper temperature and humidity. Imagine how to water immediately after applying urea. How can microorganisms in the soil be active in water? Without timely conversion, it means that it cannot be quickly absorbed. These urea aired on the surface are either carried by water into the deep groundwater or gradually lost to the atmosphere. The utilization rate is very low.
6. Improper fertilization: The specific part of crop roots that absorb nutrients and moisture is the capillary root, and the old roots have weak or no absorption capacity. These hairy roots are distributed on the newly born roots and are basically at the bottom of the root system, that is, at the lower part of the plough layer, or the corresponding lower part of the outer edge of the crown. However, many people tend to apply fertilizer to the base of the plant when fertilizing, even with the stalks. This has consequences, which means that the utilization rate of fertilizers will fall, and if it is heavy, it will produce fertilizer damage.
7, can not tell the meaning of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer: base fertilizer, which is applied to the bottom of the soil tillage, the supply of crops throughout the growing period of nutrient absorption of basic fertilizer, a large amount of application, generally before the rotation of cultivated land, or perennial fruit trees Deep autumn. Fertilizer refers to the application of nutrition around the seeds or seedlings to supplement the seedlings of the crops. The application amount is very small, and it is generally applied at the time of sowing or planting. However, many farmers do not know the difference between basic fertilizers and fertilizers. They often apply a lot of fertilizers when sowing or planting. The result is that the seedlings are burned, the rate of emergence is low, the roots are shallow and the roots are resistant to cold and drought;
8. The method of recovering fertilization materials is not proper: Topdressing is to supplement the nutrition needed by some crops in time during the growth of the crop. Top dressing methods are divided into soil application and foliar application. The soil application is divided into methods such as spreading, ditching, drip irrigation, flushing, and other methods. If there is a conditional drip irrigation or special fertilizer application, of course, a good water-soluble fertilizer can also be used. The hole was applied. When the crop grows to the middle and late stages, the roots gradually age and the ability to absorb and transport nutrients decreases. At this time, it is best to use foliar spray to supplement the nutrients. In production, many farmers do not have such common sense. When tomatoes or cucumbers are already close to pulling and the plants are obviously aging, in order to increase the amount of picking, they often continue to apply large amounts of fertilizer.
In short, reasonable fertilization, we must pay attention to choose the right type of fertilizer, at the right time, the appropriate amount of application, simple but accurate application methods, applied to the best location and so on.
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