The export shrimp culture technology is based on the international market's requirements for the safety and sanitation quality of shrimp products, construction, matching and improvement of shrimp export bases, and strengthening of the shrimp breeding shrimp breeding, larval production, seedling cultivation, cultivation, harvesting, and sales of the entire process Monitoring and management of the use of pathogenic microorganisms, water quality, fishery medicine and feed, and methods for improving the quality of shrimp.
1, seed production and seed requirements
The seedling farms cannot choose their own parents, and they should introduce their parents from the original or improved farms in accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Measures for the Management of Aquatic Seed Products" promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture to ensure that the quality meets the germplasm standards. In the breeding process, parents should be prevented from over-producing spawning for a long time, avoiding high-temperature nursery, prohibiting antibiotics, preventing cross-contamination, and using biological baits to cultivate seed. Each batch of ponds in the breeding process should include records of water quality control, food, medicines, disease, and water quality management and correction. The seedlings produced by the nursery shall be SPF seedlings, which require the body to be up to standard, metamorphose synchronously, evenly distributed, uncontaminated, not sick, and disabled. At the time of sale, the farmer must be provided with a certified test certificate.
2. Management of aquaculture water quality
The sources of water in breeding farms and nursery sites must be determined to be free of chemical pollution sources. Fresh water sources are free of pesticides, polychlorinated organics, hydrocarbons, phenols, and heavy metals. In the breeding process, the water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, sulfide and other water quality indicators were measured twice a day. Bio-agents such as "Yixhuibao" Bacillus subtilis preparations and "nitrobacteria" preparations, a variety of mineral water quality improvers and sediment modifiers, bio-fertilizers, etc. to improve the aquaculture water environment and stabilize the water color and control harmful microorganisms Reproduction. According to the growth of shrimp, timely adjustment of salinity, and promote the growth of shrimp, but the salinity must be controlled in more than 5 ,, so as not to develop muddy products. The sewage outlets of the farms should be separated from the inlets to avoid water pollution, and a water source monitoring system should be established to prevent red tide hazards.
3, disease prevention and fishery drug use requirements
The pathogenic microorganisms must be monitored throughout the entire culture process. According to the population of pathogenic microorganisms and their propagation speed, timely measures should be taken to scientifically use drugs. With reference to the NY5071-2001 “Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides for Fish and Fishery†issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, the use or use of heavy metals such as salts, pesticides, dyes, furans, sulfonamides, antibiotics, hormones, sedatives, etc. is restricted or prohibited. Metabolic, residual, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic drugs. Selecting the main components and contents, and identifying the drugs that meet the safety and health requirements of aquatic products without residue or low residue, such as “Chinese shrimp prawn net†Chinese herbal preparations and “Strong Ke 101†type 10-chain quaternary amine salts active iodine Preparations and so on. Establish a comprehensive, complete and real record of drug use and strictly implement the withdrawal period.
4, rational use of feed and other nutritional additives, improve the quality of shrimp exports
The quality of cultured shrimp is not pure in the past but it only meets freshness and no drug residues, no pathogens or good quality, and now the exported shrimp products also require good color, no toxins and chemicals, low muscle water content, no dark spots , shell hard, no muddy, not out of touch and so on. Therefore, the selection of high-quality feeds and the rational use of various nutrient additives are of great significance to improve the quality of cultured shrimp and improve the competitiveness of the cultured shrimps in the international market. Feed and nutrition of shrimp directly affect the growth rate, disease resistance, disease resistance, body color, vitality and other quality factors. In the general culture, it is often found that the shrimp is made up with little astaxanthin, and the body is white, the shell is soft, and the hepatopancreas is easy. Breaking at the time of arrest, etc., these are the results of producers using low-quality feed, not paying attention to nutrient regulation, and low level of aquaculture management.
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