The introduction and application of foreign advanced refrigeration technology and new insulation materials have made a great breakthrough in the construction of China's cold storage. When investing in cold storage, the initial investment cost and the operating cost in use should be comprehensively considered according to different regions and conditions to build a relatively economical and rational cold storage. At present, there are three main forms of construction of cold storage buildings: one is a civil construction cold storage with block and reinforced concrete structure plus thermal insulation; the Other is light steel structure plus assembled cold storage; the third is civil and steel mixed structure plus assembled cold storage. . The type of cold storage to be used depends on factors such as different regions, geographical environment, investment costs, and operating costs.
Cold storage construction also needs to be tailored. Civil structure: mainstream construction type, technology keeps pace with the times.
The civil cold storage has a single layer and multiple layers. The single-layer cold storage adopts the beam-plate structure, and the multi-layer cold storage adopts the beamless floor structure. The main wall of the cold storage, such as walls, columns and floors, is made of block and reinforced concrete structure. The inner side of the cold storage wall is covered with insulation layer. The two sides of the insulation layer need to be made of moisture-proof vapor barrier layer, and the inner side is made of civil construction protection layer. The insulation material of the cold storage is developed from rice husk, softwood and polystyrene to polyurethane spraying. The moisture-proof and vapor-proof material has eliminated the practice of petroleum asphalt linoleum, and the practice of using polyurethane waterproof coating and polyethylene film on-site paving. The retaining structure of the civil cold storage is a heavy-duty structure with large thermal inertia. The temperature fluctuation caused by the outside air temperature and solar radiation is small, and the storage temperature is relatively stable.
The advantages of civil cold storage are energy saving, sturdiness, high bearing capacity, good fire resistance and durability. The disadvantages are long construction period, heavy self-weight, high geological conditions, and many columns in the cold storage, which affect the stacking of goods and reduce the effective use of cold storage. Volume. Among the existing cold storages in China, the multi-layer civil-built refrigerators built in the early 1970s and 1980s accounted for the majority. Taking Shanghai as an example, if the capacity is calculated, the civil-built cold storage accounts for 82.41% of the city's cold storage capacity. If the number of seats is counted, the civil works should account for 86.13% of the total seats.
The progress of cold storage construction technology has also given the civil construction cold storage more competitive advantages. Dalian Bingshan engineer Ma Shuang said: There are three types of multi-layer cold storage in the civil construction. One is the structure of the non-beam floor, there is a market but not the mainstream, mostly based on the local wholesale market. The second is the concrete frame structure, which realizes the height and the large span, as well as mechanized work. The third is the secret beam structure, which realizes large-span operation and the bottom is stable. The iceberg is highly recommended for users to use this one.
Steel frame structure + insulation board: less investment and more advantages, is currently being promoted in large numbers
The development of light steel structure and the need of modern logistics have promoted the rapid development of large-column net and large-span steel structure assembly type cold storage. Since 2000, China has carried out large-scale promotion of steel frame structure cold storage. The steel frame structure cold storage load adopts the light steel structure such as steel column and steel beam, and the heat preservation adopts prefabricated library plate on-site splicing. There are two structural forms between the light steel structure and the thermal insulation board: one is an outer structure and the other is an inner structure. The light steel load-bearing structure is called the outer structure on the outer side of the thermal insulation board, and the inner structure is the outer structure. The outer structure has less steel than the inner structure.
The steel frame structure has beautiful cold storage, adjustable size, height and height, short construction period and regularization in the warehouse, which can realize automatic processing. The disadvantage is that the steel structure cold storage is often windy and rainy, and the personnel management is not in place. Corrosion and peeling will occur in the years, especially in coastal cities. Typhoons and sea water can aggravate corrosion. In addition, the outdoor sunlight, the temperature of the cold storage has an impact, frequent start, energy consumption, consumption of parts, but also pay attention to the problem of water leakage at the seam. In recent years, the steel market has been sluggish, and the steel frame structure cold storage investment is less than the civil construction, coupled with various advantages, so it ushered in a development climax.
Civil engineering + steel construction combination: the advantages of civil engineering and steel construction, the future mainstream construction method
With the advancement of science and technology and the development of the refrigeration industry, new cold storage construction methods have attracted much attention. For example, the combination of civil engineering and steel construction replaces the construction mode and operation mode of the original cold storage building with a new architectural concept, namely standardization, modularization and factoryization. The combination of this type of cold storage has become wider and wider, and the scale of construction is also growing. It has become the general trend of the development of the world's cold storage industry and has a great development prospect.
Combined cold storage has many advantages, such as aesthetics, thermal insulation, and strong plasticity. The sandwich panel and the peripheral protection structure have dozens of optional colors, which can meet the needs of any style building to achieve satisfactory results. The polyurethane or polystyrene sandwich panel has low thermal conductivity, high strength and good thermal insulation effect. All sandwich panels for the construction of the combined cold storage are in accordance with the building modulus, and the cold storage can be freely separated and arranged according to customer requirements. In addition, there are advantages such as short construction period, quick installation, food hygiene requirements, durable building structure, excellent material quality and accurate temperature control.
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