Breeding Techniques of Spruce

First, the properties and uses of red spruce also known as red skin odor. Pineaceae, evergreen trees, up to 30 meters high. Branchlets hairy or glabrous, without white powder. Leaves four prisms, with stomatal lines on all four sides, hair tip, 1.2 cm - 2.2 cm long. The ovule is cylindrical or long ovocylindous, 5 cm to 8 cm long; the scales are obovate, rounded or slightly pointed, and the exposed part is smooth, without vertical stripes. It is the main tree species in the forests of Changbai Mountain to Xiaoxing'an Mountains in Northeast China. . North Korea and Russia in eastern Siberia are also distributed. The wood is light, soft and meticulous, and can be used for construction, furniture, papermaking, etc., and for ornamental trees. Second, the method of cutting seedlings Cutting time should be in the early spring after the new shoots, cut 15 cm long cuttings, cuttings in a plastic greenhouse. In order to increase the ground temperature, the bottom of the bed can be matted with raw manure, and the ground temperature of 25°C-35°C is maintained, and the humidity is preferably about 90%. The plastic shed must be tightly closed, and should not be opened frequently to prevent the humidity from decreasing. When seedlings were planted, 1000μg/g butyric acid hormone and ABT rooting powder No. 1 had better rooting effect. Third, nursery technology 1. Seed treatment. The method of burying with the snow reservoir method is to select a place with a low groundwater level and a leeward leeward position and dig a storage pit with a specification of 80 cm in depth, depending on the number of long and wide seeds. Pits are best dug in the first year of autumn. In January-February, 10 cm to 15 cm thick snow is laid on the bottom of the pit, and the seed and snow are mixed 1:2 or 1:3. Pit inside. After filling, use snow to form a mound and cover the straw and other objects. About 1 week before sowing season, the seeds were taken out, mixed with wet sand, and germinated at room temperature under 15°C for 4-5 days, watered when the sand was dry, and turned 1-2 times per day, when there was 20%-30. When the seeds of the seed are split, they can be sown. 2. sowing. Take no soil sowing method. According to the requirements, do a good job seedbed, do not make the bottom of the water in the wet bed surface with the turbulence, so that the bed surface to form a flat uniform convex and concave surface. In order to facilitate the sowing, the sand mixture is mixed with appropriate amount of dry sand before sowing, and the mixture is stirred and then sown. When sowing, with the sowing, with the suppression (wood roller), cover curtains and watering, so that the seeds and the soil in close contact. Before the seedlings come out, always diligently water the soil. In accordance with the principle of a small number of times, always keep the bed moist. It has been proved that seedlings that are not covered with soil are faster and more homogeneous than seedlings. Generally seedlings are seen 8 days after planting. 80% of the seedlings can emerge in 15 days and 20 days, and basically come out in 20 days and 25 days. Never have seedlings fallen down. phenomenon. According to statistics, seedlings that are not planted on soil than seedlings are higher than the standard, which is generally 22% higher, and some are two to three times higher. 3. Seedling management. When more than 60% of the seedlings have emerged, the curtains are removed and the seedlings are fully exposed to light. If they are not exposed to high temperatures and droughts, all-light seedlings have been carried out. This is better than long-term shade, making the seedlings thick, with a well-developed root system and strong resilience. To prevent night frost damage, water should be poured before the arrival of cold air to increase the heat capacity of the soil. In the event of freezing injury, the water can be watered before the sun comes out, so that the seedlings form icicles, and then gradually melted to release the freezing injury. During the growth period of seedlings, regular quantitative watering should be carried out on the principle of a few times, especially when the weather is dry. Mechanical watering should use large pressure, fine nozzles, and fast valves to prevent the flow of water. After the seedlings are out of the joints, weeding and weeding should be carried out in time to prevent weeds from competing for water and fertilizer and promote the growth of seedlings. In order to prevent sunburn, an electric contact mercury thermometer can be used to connect the sunburn alarm. The thermometer is adjusted to 36°C. When the local temperature reaches 36°C, the alarm should be made. The water should be immediately cooled. In terms of controlling pests and diseases, adopt methods of regulating the ecological environment and restricting the spread of pests and diseases. In addition to seed disinfection, the prevention of disasters caused by non-infectious ecological factors in the peacetime should be mistaken for the infection of pathogenic bacteria; , fertilizer, gas, heat, light and other ecological factors to be solved.

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