1. Measures to increase the number of litters
1.1 Increasing the number of sows ovulated Practice has shown that short-term superior feeding of empty sows prior to mating has a positive effect on estrus promotion and easy pregnancy. In addition, a single injection of 750-15001u of maternal serum (pmsg) to a sow and 500-10001u human chorionic gonadotropin is used to induce estrus in the sow and to stimulate superovulation in sows.
1.2 timely breeding, improve the fertilization rate of the eggs due to species, age and individual ovulation time differences, so in determining the breeding time, should be flexible. From the species point of view, China's local pig breeds have short duration of estrus and early ovulation, and can be bred on the 2nd day of estrus. The introduced estrus has a longer duration of estrus and is late in ovulation, and can be bred in 3-4 days of estrus. Pigs can be bred on the afternoon of 2d or 3d after heat. From an age point of view, the introduction of pig-breeding young sows during the estrus period is shorter than that of the old sows, while the local breeds in China are the opposite.
1.3 Improve the feeding and management of pregnant sows and improve the survival rate of embryos at the peak of embryonic death. The peak of the death of the first embryo is 9-13 days of zygote formation. This period is the initial stage of zygote attachment and is susceptible to death due to various factors. Mortality About 50%. Therefore, various stress factors during this period should be reduced as much as possible. Generally, the sows are kept in the original circling breeding manner within 3-4 weeks after the breeding. The second peak of death is about the third week after pregnancy, that is, the third week after mating. This period is the period of organ differentiation and the mortality rate is about 30% to 40%. Attention should be paid to various stress and nutritional deficiency factors. During this period, the placenta ceases to grow, and the fetus grows rapidly, probably because the placenta is insufficient to support fetal development, resulting in death. The mortality rate is about 15%. Therefore, the nutrition of late sows should be strengthened.
2, early weaning piglets
2.1 Traditional pigs, piglets have a longer period of lactation, usually 2 months of weaning. Early weaning of piglets means that piglets leave the nursing sow and begin living independently at 3-5 weeks of age. Early weaning older than 2 weeks is called super early weaning. Currently, there is still controversy about super early weaning. In the pig production, most of them promote weaning at 4-5 weeks of age.
2.2 Fostering foster fostering refers to the practice of raising piglets that have little or no milk to fostering piglets that have fewer litters when a certain number of sows are born at the same time in the farm. This is one of the effective measures to increase the survival rate of pigs. Some gilts were also bred as soon as possible to shorten the calving interval of the sows.
2.3 Induction of estrus Frequent attempts have been made to try to cross a non-estrus sow with boars. The hormonal odor and contact stimuli secreted by the boar, as well as the nerve reflex, cause the pituitary gland to secrete follicle stimulating hormone and promote ovulation in sows. In addition, estrus can be induced by injection of sex hormones, such as the injection of pregnant horse serum (pmsg) (previously introduced, this is not repeated).
3. The birth weight of piglets directly affects the fattening shape of pigs. Therefore, attention should be paid to the appropriate birth weight of piglets. After 90 days of pregnancy, the fetus' weight gain accounts for 70% of the birth weight. Therefore, strengthening the rearing and management of the sow during the second trimester of pregnancy can not only increase the number of litters, but also increase the birth weight of the piglets.
4, to strengthen the nutrition of sows
4.1 Nutritional needs of nursing sows are divided into two parts, one is their own maintenance needs, and the other is the need for lactation; the maintenance needs of sows themselves are mainly determined by their weight, and the greater the weight, the more their maintenance needs. Therefore, when selecting sows, do not choose overweight sows. The sow's lactation energy needs to be related to the daily milk yield. Generally, the net energy required per kilogram of milk produced is 5.23 kj; the milk protein content is high, about 6%, and it contains various essential amino acids. Therefore, in order to ensure the lactating sow's milk production needs not only to provide adequate protein, but also to meet the needs of various amino acids; water is also very important for nursing sows, general nursing sows need to supply 10-20kg every day and night In addition, pay attention to the supplementation of various vitamins and trace elements, and pay attention to the balance between each other.
4.2 Appropriate exercise to enhance sow constitution After 5 days of sow farrowing, you need to exercise for about 1 hour every day, 10 days after childbirth, and exercise 2 times a day for about 1 hour. Try to allow sows and piglets to have more exposure to sunlight and fresh air to strengthen the mother. Pig physique.
In addition, attention should also be paid to maintaining the hygiene of pig houses and pigs, especially the sow's breasts, to prevent diseases and to maintain the health of the sows.
During the entire pregnancy and lactation period, it should be noted that feed ingredients and feed must not be mildewed. Aflatoxin contained in mildew feed can easily cause stillbirth, miscarriage, and affect piglet weight gain.
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