In order to simplify the traditional potato growing techniques, reduce labor intensity, reduce labor labor, reduce production costs and increase planting efficiency, we conducted trials and demonstrations of potato “four-not-to-do†planting techniques. The average yield per unit area in the demonstration area was 1,835 kg/ 667 square meters, according to the listing price of 1 yuan / kg at the time of harvest, the output value of 1835 yuan per 667 square meters, after deducting the cost, a net income of 1473 yuan per 667 square meters. An increase of 387 yuan over the traditional method. The technique is summarized below. First, technical advantages Laborsaving. Compared with traditional methods, this technology has undergone “Four Reformsâ€: First, change tillage and arable land for no-tillage; second, dig digging holes for broadcast sowing; third, change cultivator and weed control to cover grass; Digging the earth to remove potatoes is to dismantle the grass and pick potatoes. This shows "Four Don't": Do not plough the soil; don't plant under the trenches; don't plough weeds; don't dig for potatoes. As a result, processes are reduced, labor intensity is reduced, labor is reduced, and planting costs are saved. 2. Fertilizer fertility. After rice is harvested, many farmers’ friends use incineration to dispose of straw, which not only causes environmental pollution but also wastes resources. Using this technology, one square meter of land can be used to make use of 2 square meters of rice straw. After the straw rots, it is a very good fertilizer. It not only fertilizes the land, but also protects the ecological environment and is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. 3. Listed in batches. One of the most important characteristics of this technology is that the potatoes can be listed in batches according to the market conditions. When the price is high, the straw can be picked and marketed, leaving small potatoes covered with straw to allow them to continue growing. This will not only make full use of the growth characteristics of the potato and achieve high yields, but at the same time the fork will capture opportunities in ample time and achieve higher economic benefits. 4. Improve efficiency. The technology is low in cost and high in yield. What is more important is that the picked potato chips have smooth surface, fresh color, no broken, good sales, good quality, good product attributes, strong market competitiveness and high selling price. Second, the operating technology Selection of land: convenient drainage and irrigation, soil fertility 2. Site preparation: After rice is harvested, soil preparation can be started. Potato planting can be divided into autumn and spring sowing. Autumn sowing can be planted in the whole soil from late September to early October after the harvest of one season rice; spring sowing is to be planted in full soil in December after the harvest of one season rice or the harvest of late rice. The method for the whole soil is to open the ditch with a width of 1.4m to 2m and a ditch depth of 30-40cm so that the ditch can communicate with each other to prevent accumulation of water, and the ditch is placed on the surface of the car and soil. 3. Fertilization: Fertilizers can be fertilized after smashing the soil. Fertilizers are best prepared for decomposing soil miscellaneous fertilizers or column fertilizers. They can be applied at a rate of 1,000 to 1,500 kg per 667 square meters. They can also be applied to 25% of compound fertilizer at 50 kg per 667 square meters. Apply a 35cm line to the car. 4. Seed preparation: select good varieties according to season, early and spring sowing can use early maturing varieties, such as Dongnong 303, about 150 kg for each 667 square meters of field planting, cutting before cutting, each weighing 20-30 grams, each One or more robust shoots or buds are reserved on the cuttings, and the incision is more than 1 cm from the buds. It is advisable to cut into tetrahedrons. After cutting, use 50% carbendazim WP 300 times to soak seeds for about 3 minutes. Lightly dry and mix hay ash. For every 100 kilograms of diced potatoes, 50 to 60 kilograms of dry wood ash should be added. should. 5. Setting up: Seeds can be planted after being mixed with ash, or they can be planted every other day or every few days. When the seed is placed, the seed potatoes are placed between two rows of fertilizer, and they must not be contacted with chemical fertilizers to prevent bad seeds. Set a row spacing of 35 cm, spacing 25 cm, leaving both sides of the cabin 20 cm, to prevent straw leakage cover, pay attention to shoots when you planted eyes up, the bottom should be as far as possible with the soil surface contact. 6. Covering grass: after planting, grass is covered. Generally, about 667 square meters of dry straw are required to be about 1000 kg. Straw is placed across the surface of the planter. This will not only prevent the seedlings from leaking on the sidelines, but also prevent the straw from rolling down. Straw cover thickness, generally to readily put down, do not compact, do not mention loose, thickness 8-10 cm is appropriate, the entire car is covered, leaving no gaps to prevent the growth of weeds. 7. Irrigation: Because the dry straw absorbs little water and is slow, so if it encounters sunny and hot weather after being placed, it should be timely watered or furrow irrigation “running water†to promote seedlings and seedlings with moist soil. 8. Prevention and control of diseases, pests, and mice: Pests and diseases do not occur after potato cultivation and during growth, and no control is required. However, due to no-tillage, and weeds are not cleared, we have more weeds on the sides of the ditch that are not covered by straw, and a small amount of weeds grow in the car, which can be removed manually. At the same time, poison baits can be put in places where the fields or mice may be infested. Third, pay attention to matters 1. Question of Qi Miao: The presence or absence of shoots or buds in the tuber is the key to affecting the seedlings. Postponing seedlings in case of drought delays seedlings; straw is too thick to form “white seedlings†and cannot grow grassy surfaces; seed potatoes and chemical fertilizers Contact is easy to cause bad species. Therefore, we must ensure that seedlings must have robust sprouts or buds in the cuttings of the seedlings; when the seeds are planted, the surfaces should be kept moist; straw coverings should not exceed 10 cm or less than 7 cm to prevent light leakage. Green potatoes are formed; chemical fertilizers must be applied and must not be applied. 2. Coverage problem: If calculated according to the thickness of 8-1 gel, dry straw of 1000/z~kg per 667 square meters is required. In the case of scarcity of straw, barley or other weeds can also be used instead, and the cover must be prepared sufficiently before sowing. 3. Harvesting problem: The stems and leaves gradually turn yellow, and the tubers are easy to separate from the stems and stems, that is, the appropriate harvest period. The harvest is too early, the yield is not high, the taste is not good; the harvest is too late, vulnerable to high temperature, the spread of the disease; more rotten potatoes. At the same time, because the straw is rotted further, the potato is exposed to form “green potatoâ€, and the quality is deteriorated and the commodity is poor. China Agricultural Network Editor
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