How to prevent ginseng blight? Blight disease is one of the high incidences of ginseng production. It is common in China's participating areas and is one of the main factors affecting the production of seedlings in the production of participating plants. Ginseng blight is a soil-borne disease with complex pathogenic factors, mainly caused by a mixture of bacteria and fungi. Let's learn the comprehensive prevention and control technology of ginseng blight with Xiaobian.
First, the pathogen
The pathogen is Rhizoctonia solani, belonging to the semi-bacterial sub-gate. The hyphae have a septum, which is initially colorless. When it is ripe, it is light brown to yellowish brown, the branches are at right angles, and the base is slightly constricted.
Second, the law of incidence
The pathogens overwinter with hyphae and sclerotia on soil or host disease residues, and have strong saprophytic activity and can survive in soil for 2-3 years. Unfertilized compost mixed with diseased bodies, as well as mycelium and sclerotia that overwinter on other host plants, can be the primary source of infection. The pathogen spreads through rainwater, running water, farm tools with contaminated soil, and compost with bacteria. It invades from the base or root wound of the seedling stem, and can also penetrate directly into the host epidermis. The growth temperature of pathogens is 17-28 °C, and the growth of pathogens below 12 °C or above 30 °C is inhibited, so the temperature of the seedbed is higher, and the seedlings are heavier when they are long. Soil moisture is high, soil is sticky, and poor drainage is low. Insufficient illumination, poor photosynthesis, weak disease resistance, and easy onset. It is spread by rain, running water, composting with fertilizers and agricultural tools. The pathogen is developed at a suitable temperature of 20-24 °C. Seedlings and seedlings that have just been unearthed can be harmed, and generally occur in the middle and late stages of seedling raising. More in the seedling stage, the bed temperature is higher or the seedling stage occurs later, the rainy and wet, the soil is too sticky, and the weight of the disease is heavy. If the seeding is too dense, the seedlings are not timely, and the temperature is too high, the disease may be induced.
Third, the symptoms
Bacterial wilt is the main disease of ginseng seedlings. It is widespread and widely distributed. The ginseng damage rate is usually 20% to 30%. When the disease is serious, it can cause death of the seedlings and loss. Blight disease mainly damages the base of the stem of the seedling or the underground root, that is, at the junction of dry and wet soil 3 to 5 cm from the topsoil. After the pathogen invades the tender stem, the base of the stem presents a yellow-brown sag, which is initially oval or irregular dark brown lesions. The diseased seedlings are wilting in the early days, recovering at night, the diseased parts gradually sag, overflow, and some gradually become black. Brown, when the lesion expands around the stem for a week, gradually penetrates into the stem, causing the tissue inside the stem to rot, thereby blocking the transporting tissue, resulting in no water and nutrients in the upper part of the ginseng seedling, and finally dead and dead, but not lodging. Lightly diseased plants only saw brown pitted lesions and did not die. When the humidity of the seedbed is large, the diseased part can see the pale brown spider silky mildew.
Fourth, prevention and treatment methods
(1) Physical control methods:
1. Pay attention to drainage, ventilation and light transmission, and timely dig the drainage ditch to prevent rainwater from flooding the bed and reduce the humidity of the bed. Remove weeds and sick bodies in the field at any time to reduce the number of pathogens.
2. Autumn sowing fields should be loosened and weeded in the early spring to increase soil permeability to avoid soil compaction and reduce the humidity of the bed.
(2) Chemical control methods
1. Disinfection of seeds and plants: It can be disinfected by coating with a suspension coating agent at the time of funeral, killing the seeds and carrying the bacteria. It can be mixed with 5 times liquid or soaked seeds and 50 times liquid for planting at the time of good music. It has obvious control effect and can cure other diseases.
2. Soil disinfection: Before planting, treat the seedbed soil with 2.5-3 kg of 0.1% carbendazim granules per acre or spray the seedbed with 3000-6000 times 96% carbendazim (or 1000 times 30% carbendazim). The soil is sprayed with 3 grams of liquid per square meter, and the control effect is good.
3. Kneading disinfection: Before the seedlings are unearthed in early spring, spray the seedbed soil with 3000-6000 times 96% carbendazim (or 1000 times 30% carbendazim), and spray 3 grams of liquid per square meter.
4. Treatment of the ward: Irrigation of the ward with 99% carbendazim 3000 times can play a role in the treatment and prevention of proliferation. It is found that the diseased leaves of the diseased plants should be cleared from the field.
5. After application, if the leaf surface is contaminated with liquid, it should be rinsed with water immediately to avoid phytotoxicity.
The above is all the main points of ginseng blight control, farmers who grow ginseng can be more embarrassed, if you have better experience, you can also come to Huinong to share!
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