In the spring management of fruit trees, topdressing and watering is an important part, and early fertilization water has many benefits.
First, early fertilization can meet the nutritional needs of fruit trees in spring.
In the spring, the phenological periods of germination, flowering, fruit setting, leaf spreading, and new shoot growth are concentrated and overlap, which requires a large amount of nutrients. Although it is mainly based on the storage nutrients of the tree (the nutrients accumulated in the growing season of the tree), the water is indispensable, and the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are also large. The production practice proves that all the orchards that are fertilized early in spring, the fruit trees are germinated and flowered neatly, the flowers are large and full, the leaves are fast, the leaves are large and thick, the leaves are dark green and bright, the fruit setting rate is high, and the young fruits are developing fast and vigorous. When the top dressing water is late, the leaves are small and thin, the leaves are dark, and the young fruit develops slowly. Moreover, after the apple and pear leaf stage (from mid-April to early May), even if the fertilizer is sufficient, the leaf size is fixed and will not increase. The photosynthesis of a growing season will be affected, thus affecting the fruit. And production.
Second, early watering can reduce or avoid the danger of night cream.
After watering in the early stage, the temperature of the ground and the temperature of the orchard can be slowed down, and the flowering period of the fruit tree can be delayed for 3 to 5 days, so that the fruit trees can avoid the attack of the night frost; when the night frost comes, the soil moisture of the orchard after watering is large, and the heat capacity is large. Slow down the rate of absolute low temperature and increase the temperature in the orchard by 1 °C ~ 3 °C, thus reducing the night frost damage. The gardening rate of the gardens that were watered before the arrival of the night cream was significantly higher than that of the unpoured fruit garden.
The suitable period for early fertilization of water is from late March to early April (germination to bud stage), and no later than the initial flowering period. In order to save labor and effort, the pre-flower fertilizer and the post-flower fertilizer can be combined once. Fertilization is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied should be reasonably determined according to factors such as the amount of base fertilizer applied, the type of fruit tree, the tree potential, the yield index, and the soil condition. Generally, fruit trees are fertilized with 25 to 30 kilograms of urea, mixed with three elements of compound fertilizer 50 to 60 kilograms, and the outer edge of the canopy is projected around the canopy. Several 10 cm shallow pits are excavated and buried, and the water is poured within 5 days. Irrigation and conservation.
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