Mulberry is rich in nutrients and has high medicinal value and edible value. In recent years, some picking gardens in southern Anhui and other places have implemented the wrong season cultivation of greenhouse mulberry, and the early picking period has met the needs of people for leisure picking and obtained high economic benefits. The main cultivation management techniques are summarized below for your reference.
First, the variety selection
1. Four seasons fruit mulberry. The alias Zijinmi Sang is the best variety selected by Taiwan experts to research and improve the large fruit mulberry and several other wild long fruit mulberry after several pollination. The saplings of this variety have strong growth potential. The branches are slender and erect, and the branches are slightly developed. The number of springs is medium, the flower buds are easy to form, and the germination rate is high. The number of single buds is 5-6, the fruit is large and the fruit is oblong, and the average fruit weight is 3.57 grams. The maximum single fruit weight can reach 6.8 grams. The fruit is purple-black, juicy, seedless, moderately sweet and sour, and of superior quality. It is not resistant to storage. After 2 days of storage at room temperature, the flavor changes. It is advisable to freshly eat or process fruit juice and fruit wine. Planting in the greenhouse, the general sprouting time is from late February to early March, the flowering period is in the middle and late March, the initial fruiting period is in mid-April, the fruiting period is in the end of April and the beginning of May, and the fruit is basically finished in mid-May. The picking time is around 25 days.
2. No seed big 10. Seedless big 10 fruit mulberry is a triploid early maturing variety, no seed big 10 fruit mulberry is a triploid early maturing variety, tree shape development, branches straight, mulberry leaves larger, high flower bud rate, single bud fruit number 5 ~ 6 The mulberry fruit is 3-6 cm long, the fruit diameter is 1.3-2.0 cm, and the single fruit weight is 3.0-5.0 g. It is purple-black after ripening, the whole fruit is seedless, the juice is rich, and the fruit tastes sweet and sour. The Huanghuai River Basin matured in early May. Mature period is more than 30 days. It is the best planting variety for picking gardens and farmhouses. It has a large seedless taste and a high yield. The yield per mu is about 1500 kg.
3. Red fruit No. 2. The tree is erect, the branches are slender, the leaves are large, the flower bud rate is high, the number of single buds is 6-8, the fruit length is 3.0-3.5 cm, the fruit diameter is 1.2-1.3 cm, the long tube shape, the single fruit weighs about 3 grams, purple Black, fruity sweet and sour mouth, bright fruit juice, Huanghuai River basin matured in early May, maturity period of more than 30 days, more than 2500 kg of mulberry fruit per mu, about 1500 kg of mulberry leaves. It has good disease resistance, strong adaptability, and both fruits and leaves. The mulberry fruit is suitable for fresh food and can be processed. It can be planted in both the north and the south of China.
Second, seedling selection and planting
Planting in the north and south of the built greenhouse. The planting specifications are 3 meters in length, 3.5 meters in row spacing, and 63 plants in acre.
2 years old seedlings are used, with a height of 2 to 2.5 meters and a thickness of 1.5 to 2 cm. The planting time is in the beginning of spring in April, and the depth of planting and the width of each 60 cm are fixed. The seedlings are covered with soil and watered after implantation. Each mulch film covers an area of ​​1 square meter and improves the ground temperature.
After a summer management, the greenhouse was subjected to a membrane deduction before entering the winter, and the insulation was placed for effective dormancy.
Third, the tree shape and shaping process
The tree shape is dominated by natural happiness. There is a trunk, which is fixed from 80 cm when planted, and 5 to 12 branches are kept at the top, and the branches are opened to 60 to 80 degrees. The branches naturally extend to the surroundings, and the branches are retained as result branches. The plants located on the south side of the greenhouse are affected by the height of the shed, and the number of branches retained is less, and the plant height is controlled. The plants located on the north side are more appropriate to leave branches and the plant height is higher.
Fourth, pruning
Pruning is divided into two parts: winter pruning and summer pruning.
Winter pruning is carried out before the mulberry tree is dormant, mainly using the method of thinning branches to eliminate erect branches, horizontal branches, excessive drooping branches and diseased branches.
Pay attention to summer pruning. Summer pruning begins after the mulberry harvest and continues throughout the growing season without interruption. Summer pruning focuses on four aspects.
One is to leave all the branches of the fruit from the base 3 to 5 buds short, and promote the new shoots as the result of the second year.
The second is to smear the sprouts in time after germination, and to remove the germination that grows upright and grows too strong from the base. The third is to open the corner in time to control the tree. When the new cockroach grows to 80-100 cm, it is necessary to open the new cockroach in time, with an opening angle of 60-80 degrees, as the result of the coming year. For the branches growing at different levels, the orientation is selected for the steering. The fourth is to eliminate the secondary branches. After the opening angle, the new shoots will change due to the change of the top edge, and the secondary branches will germinate. It is necessary to cut off the secondary branches that grow upright as early as possible to avoid excessive shoot growth and waste nutrition.
Fifth, temperature management
1. Sleep. Before entering the winter, the greenhouse is covered with film and the upper insulation is placed. The mulberry tree is dormant in the dark environment. The temperature is required to be between 0 °C and 7 °C, and the effective dormancy temperature is performed. The effective sleep time is about 720 hours (about 30 days).
2. Temperature regulation. After the end of dormancy, the temperature rise management is performed, and the temperature starts from a low temperature, and then the temperature gradually rises. See the attached table for temperature management throughout the winter.
Sixth, artificial pollination
Artificial pollination increases yield and quality. After the start of flowering, pollination is carried out every morning and afternoon with the feathers of the scorpion. Pollination is stopped when leaf deployment affects pollination.
Seven, fertilizer management
The mulberry is mature early, the fruit growth period is short, and it is relatively economical and water-saving. For the first time, before the mulberry slumber, in the middle of the tree row, 4,000 kg of high-quality crude fertilizer per 100 mu of land was excavated, and 100 kg of NPK compound fertilizer was added. The second time, after the end of the mulberry tree harvesting and short cut, 100 kg of humic acid three-element compound fertilizer was applied per mu. Watering every time you apply fertilizer. Mulberry trees are drought-tolerant and resistant to phlegm, and the amount of water should not be too large.
Eight, pest control
Gray mold is prone to occur in winter greenhouse production, mainly due to excessive humidity in the shed. While controlling the humidity in the shed, it can spray 45% Tecdo (thiabendazole) suspension 3000 times, or 96% of the day. Up to 6000 times liquid.
When red rust occurs in the leaves, spray 25% triadimefon WP 1000 times or 20% Baike emulsifiable 3000 times solution, 12.5% ​​triazolol (hydroxy rust) WP 2000 times, focus on spraying mulberry buds Once every 20 days, control 2 to 3 times.
In the summer, it is easy to occur in the American white moth and the wild silkworm. It can spray 0.26% matrine 600-800 times liquid, or 25% chlorfenapyr 3 1000 times liquid, and the control effect is obvious.
Nine, harvest
Mulberry berry, the quality of the harvest is too late, pay attention to timely harvest. Where there are conditions, picking sales can be implemented to increase economic income.
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