The Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County of Anshan City, Liaoning Province belongs to the monsoon climate in the humid regions of the north temperate zone. The terrain is dominated by mountains and hills. The north is high and the south is low. The average elevation is 92.4 meters. The annual average temperature is 8 degrees. The annual average illumination is 2302.7 hours. The frost-free period is 156 days, and the average annual precipitation is 820.1 mm. The water plant is suitable for planting chestnuts. Next, Xiaobian talks about the technique of breeding chestnut seedlings.
1 Introduction
The main breeding methods of chestnut are live breeding, grafting and breeding, and the grafted wood must be local brick and wood.
2 seed collection
Chestnut species should be fully mature, neatly sized, with no disease or insect damage and mechanical damage. The best chestnut or small chestnut (200 ~ 300 tablets / kg), in order to reduce the cost of seedling, chestnut species should not be too large.
Chestnut usually takes 2 to 3 months of dormancy. During the dormant period, even if there are good germination conditions, it can not germinate completely. Generally, the minimum temperature required for seed germination is 6 °C.
Collect 200 to 300 capsules/kg of fully mature, neatly sized, disease-free and mechanically damaged live chestnut or small chestnut. Chestnut usually takes 2 to 3 months of dormancy, and the minimum temperature required for germination is 6 °C. In general, chestnut storage requires appropriate humidity and moderate low temperature.
3 storage
Chestnuts are easy to cause mildew due to water loss and air dryness. Therefore, they should not be exposed to light for a long time. It is necessary to use an effective storage method. Storage seeds generally have to undergo two stages of storage and storage. The practice of the fake chestnut is mainly to carefully treat the collected chestnuts by fruit selection and insecticide, and then uniformly stir the seeds and sand together in a ratio of 1 part of seeds to 3 parts of wet sand to place a cold place for sweating treatment. 5~7d flip once, check if there is any rotten fruit, and find that the rotten fruit should be thrown away in time. In the late November to early December, you will go to the outdoor storage area. You should choose a place with high dryness, coolness and convenient management. When you store it, you will now lay 10cm thick wet sand on the bottom, then mix the seeds with the wet sand. When the sputum reaches 20cm from the ground, it is covered with 10cm of wet sand. If the raft is long, it should be erected for every 10m in diameter and about 1.2m in height and 1.2m in height. During the storage period of the seed, the most convenient temperature is in the range of 0 to 5 °C.
4 nursery preparation
Choose a flat terrain, deep soil layer, fertile soil, sandy loam and light soil land block for convenient irrigation and drainage. The nursery land should be cultivated in autumn, with a depth of 20cm. Apply 2~3t of organic fertilizer per acre before planting in spring. Do ridges.
5 sowing
Pre-sowing with sulfur ash wood ash seed dressing method: the formula is 100kg of sulphur plus 0.4kg, 1kg of ash, and the amount of yellow mud. Pour the seeds into the mud of the yellow mud, so that the surface of the seed is stained with a layer of mud and then taken out. Rolling into powder mixed with sulfur and grass ash, which can effectively prevent underground pests and animals.
Seeding method: double ridge on-demand, or single-line on-demand, large ridge double-row on-demand ridge distance 60cm, line spacing is 10cm, plant spacing 15cm, single-row on-demand ridge distance 45 ~ 50cm, plant spacing 10cm.
Sowing period: The sowing period is related to the region. Generally, it is suitable for spring. The rock in Anshan City, Liaoning Province can be planted in early March. The number of seedling days is about 58 days. The seeding in early April is about 25 days.
Seeding management: germination treatment should be carried out before sowing. The radicle should be treated at the time of sowing to stimulate the development of lateral roots. At the same time, it is necessary to grade the chestnut seeds, and separate the size and size. For those seeds that have not sprouted, do not sow.
6 seedling management
Chestnut seedling stage: Before the rain, according to the soil moisture, timely irrigation, watering and loosening the soil, and timely drainage after rain.
The seedlings are out: the first cultivating and weeding is carried out, and the topdressing is started in the middle and late June of the rainy season. 5 to 10 kg of urea is applied per mu, and the second top dressing is carried out in August, and the compound fertilizer is applied per mu. ~15kg.
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