With the continuous increase in multiple cropping index of greenhouse vegetables, the occurrence of soil-borne diseases has gradually become a serious factor in the development of vegetable production safety. Therefore, it is more and more important to solve the problem of prevention and control of soil and vegetable diseases in vegetables. Vegetable soil diseases refer to the pathogens living in the soil. Under suitable conditions, the pathogens invade the roots or stems of vegetables. In the later stage of disease, they can lead to a large number of plant deaths, resulting in reduced yields of vegetables. Sexual diseases. Serious damage to vegetables are: Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, epidemic disease, root rot, and bacterial wilt. Their comprehensive prevention and control techniques are as follows:
First, a reasonable rotation.
The rotation of dark-rooted crops such as eggplants, melons, and beans, and shallow root crops such as cabbages, green leafy vegetables, and onions and garlics will reduce the incidence of diseases and improve yield and quality per unit area.
Second, improve the cultivation system.
(1) Change the cultivation period and miss the onset period for planting. (2) Deep ditch sorghum cultivation method, using small water pouring, to avoid flooding irrigation. (3) Proper close planting to improve crop ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce ground humidity. (4) Clean the garden, remove the diseased plants, and disinfect the diseased points. (5) Appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer and improve the disease resistance of crops.
Third, the use of resistant varieties and grafting for root technology.
The selection of disease-resistant, high-quality, and high-yield varieties is the prerequisite for improving disease resistance, and it is also the most economical and effective measure for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. Grafting techniques are used to prevent root diseases, and high resistance to root-knot nematodes and robust root varieties are selected as grafted rootstocks, such as the grafting of cucumbers with black-skin squash, and many years of successful experience. Especially in the epidemic years and regions, combined with other prevention and control measures, it is an important guarantee for stable production and high yield of vegetables.
Fourth, soil disinfection
1. Soaking in large water: In places where conditions permit, the soil can be used for a long period of time to soak the soil for a long period of time. This can significantly eliminate harmful bacteria and pests in the soil.
2. Summer high-temperature stuffy shed technology: Greenhouses In the sunny morning of high temperature season, after the soil is ploughed and watered, the shed film is sealed, so that the temperature in the shed is as high as 70° C. to kill some bacteria and eggs in the shed and soil. . Padding time is generally controlled in 15-20 days, 1 month is better.
3. Hot and humid sterilization method: It can effectively kill various nematodes, harmful fungi and bacteria in the soil and solve the problem of dead seedlings of heavy-vegetable vegetables. Specific methods: After winter and spring vegetables are pulled, 100 kg of quicklime powder, 10-15 cubic meters of raw chicken manure or other livestock and poultry manure, 3,000 grams of plant stalks, and 8 kg of microbial multi-dimensional bacteria are sprayed per acre. Shimeidi that activator 400 ml. Rotate ploughing pears and plow till the orange stalks, livestock and poultry manure, and bacteria are evenly mixed, and then plunge the land 30 cm deep, pour the water, cover with plastic film, and buckle the shed film to maintain a month or so. Remove the mulch and cultivate the land again. , barely drying a week, you can achieve the effect of killing bacteria and activating the soil. The method has obvious control effect on soil-borne diseases caused by heavy vegetable cropping. Among them, it is the best control effect against cucumber root rot and root knot nematode. There is also a significant effect on grafting bacterial rot.
Fifth, pharmaceutical control.
According to the type of disease, choose the appropriate agent, soil disinfection before sowing, spraying and rooting during the growth period. In addition to the method of irrigating, the nozzle of the atomizer may be removed and the root of the sprayer may be applied directly by spraying the sprayer. In the growing period, the control agents such as root rot can be used as medicaments such as: hymexazol, chlorhexidine, DT, etc., and medicines for controlling fusarium wilt and verticillium wilt can be used; synergistic carbendazim, DT, ropoxone solution, etc. can be used. Anti-epidemic diseases can be used agents: methylesterone, chlorothalonil, etc.; agents for the control of bacterial wilt: Shigao, Bromobromide, and DT.
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