Although after many years of efforts, the incidence of rickets in children has been significantly reduced in China, but it is still a common disease among children in China. Actually, there are suggestions on how to supplement vitamin D in the early years, but in recent years, there have been new and different opinions on the diagnosis and control of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D deficiency rickets at home and abroad.
How to determine the dose? When do you start to make up? When? Here we will give you a few words.
First, the definition of vitamin D
Vitamin D is a class of bioactive steroid derivatives and is also a fat-soluble vitamin.
Second, the form of vitamin D
The active forms of vitamin D are: 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, etc. Among them, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 is the main form.
Third, the source of vitamin D
The body obtains vitamin D in two main ways: self-synthesis, ingestion of animal foods or vitamin supplements.
For infants, there is a third way: During pregnancy, the fetus can obtain a portion of vitamin D from the mother, which is also the main source of vitamin D in newborns.
Natural foods rich in vitamin D
Natural food vitamin D content is limited, only exists in some high-fat fish, fish liver, aquatic mammals fat, the content is relatively high.
Sunlight, self synthesis
Most of the higher animals contain 7-dehydrocholesterol in the epidermis and skin tissues and convert to vitamin D3 by photochemical reactions under sunlight or ultraviolet light.
However, obtaining vitamin D through sunshine can be affected by many factors, such as the time of outdoor activities, skin shade, weight, latitude, season, cloud thickness, air pollution, and skin exposed area. Therefore, it is very difficult to objectively evaluate the amount of vitamin D that infants or children receive by ultraviolet irradiation.
In addition, given that UV exposure has the potential to cause skin cancer, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants within 6 months of age should avoid direct UV exposure. At the same time encourage infants and young children to carry out outdoor activities, but pay attention to the use of sunscreen and protective clothing.
Fourth, the function of vitamin D
The physiological functions of vitamin D are mainly reflected in two aspects:
1, regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, promote bone growth
Vitamin D can regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism, promote intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and bone calcification, maintain the balance of serum calcium and serum phosphorus, is conducive to the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the form of bone salt in the bone tissue to promote bone tissue calcification.
2, other
In addition to regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, prevention and treatment of rickets, vitamin D can also regulate immunity, anti-tumor, protection of the central nervous system and prevention and control of metabolic syndrome.
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