Lotus root "flowering" refers to germination, lotus root elongation and lotus leaf elongation. In the same period, after the lotus root is planted, there will be a large difference in the speed of planting, and some varieties have a fixed planting period and the yield is worse than ten. Five days or even longer? As a result, there is a slight difference in the crusting period. What is the cause of this phenomenon? This problem involves factors such as the quality of the seedlings, the weather and temporary storage methods during planting, the planting period, the quality of the planting, and the weather after planting. These factors can individually or jointly hinder the "growth" of the lotus root plants.
First, the quality of the seed
The quality of alfalfa is the basic factor affecting the germination of seed buds, the elongation of lotus buds and the growth of lotus leaves. Lotus root is an asexually propagated crop. Therefore, the seedling is actually a botany stem (rhizobar, that is, a branch). The planting of the seedling is essentially a cutting of the lotus root rhizome (è—•).
The quality technical indicators of the seedlings are as follows: 1 the purity of the variety is not less than 97% of the original species, the seed use of the field is not less than 93%; 2 the purity is not less than 80%; 3 the germination rate is not less than 90%; The rate is not higher than 5% of the original species, and the species used in the field is not higher than 7%. The morphological structure of the field requires that the number of apical buds of a single species is ≥1, the number of complete internodes ≥2, and the number of nodes ≥3 .
The purity of the above indicators has little effect on the "flowering" of lotus root plants, unless it is mixed with varieties or plants with large differences in ecological adaptability. This kind of branch is essentially a branch, even if it only has 1 bud plus fine management, it can be inserted into life. The top bud propagation technique of lotus root is to use the top buds of lotus root stalk (main branch) and scorpion scorpion and sun stalk (side branch) to cut and propagate separately, but this technique is difficult for general farmers to master.
Therefore, for the field production, the basic structure of the species is usually “the number of apical buds ≥1, the number of complete ridges ≥2, and the number of nodes ≥3â€, which is also called “123 specificationâ€. The larger the structure, the higher the survival rate of the seedlings, and the longer the plant grows, making it easier to “grow the treeâ€. The factor affecting the “netness†of the seedlings is mainly the amount of mud. The lotus root epidermis is very thin and appropriate with mud, which is conducive to the protection of seedlings, the improvement of colonization and survival, and the planting of the plant.
According to the summary of years of planting experience, the lotus roots have about 20% mud, which can play a better protective effect on the seedlings, and at the same time, it does not make the seed purchasers feel too much mud. The artificial mining has high cost and high labor intensity. At present, many kinds of scorpion breeders use high-pressure water guns to dig, although the efficiency is improved, but the damage to the mites is relatively large. The defect rate of the species mainly requires fewer mechanical injuries, smaller wounds, complete buds, and no disease (mainly spoilage). The germination rate is a comprehensive indicator, and the seedling structure, defect rate and freshness have a great influence on the germination rate. The influencing factors of the freshness degree are mainly the storage methods and storage days before the planting of the seedlings to the field.
In short, in order to improve the germination rate of the seedlings and promote the early planting of the lotus root plant, the basic requirements for the quality of the seedlings are that the structure is intact, harmless, disease-free, fresh, and appropriate with mud.
 Second, cold damage
The damage caused by chilling damage to lotus root is mainly manifested during the period from planting to planting, and during the initial period of planting. The following contents do not necessarily all belong to the so-called "cold damage" in the field of plant physiology, but the situation is similar.
1. Lotus seedlings are harvested until they are planted
Lotus roots are also large in volume and generally require more than 300 kg per 667 m2 (120 to 200 sub-liana). Moreover, the seedlings need to be kept fresh and usually harvested within 10 days before planting, and most of them are transported to the planting site after temporary outdoor storage. The seeding and planting period of the species is generally from mid-March to late April. The seedlings in this period are already in a germination state and are gradually increasing in germination speed, so they are also sensitive to environmental changes.
From March to April, the weather changes greatly. During this period, once the meteorological factors such as low temperature, rainfall and wind are superimposed in a short period of time, it is easy to produce wet and cold (a kind of cold damage). This superposition is easy to cause damage to the seedlings that are being mined. The injured species did not show obvious symptoms on the surface, but after colonization, some of the species did not germinate or germination, the initial leaves were yellow, the hair was slow, and the growth period was significantly delayed. Compared with normal species, the plant closure period may be delayed by more than 15 days.
In the case of low temperature, rain and windy weather after planting, if it can cover plastic film and straw curtain or straw in time, or temporarily store the seedling in a sheltered and rain-proof room and cover the grass Curtain or straw, and do not water and temporarily prevent low temperature during the temporary storage. When the temperature rises, planting the field can reduce or prevent the occurrence of cold damage.
2. After the lotus root is planted
The conditions that are prone to low temperature injury include: 1 when the same latitude, introduction in the same altitude area, the colonization period is too early; 2 from low altitude to high altitude, or from low latitude to high latitude, due to low altitude and In the low latitudes, the temperature rise is relatively lagging, so the early spring season is the same as the low latitude or low altitude area. For high latitude or high altitude, the planting period is sometimes too early; 3 the quality of planting is not high. The top buds are exposed and are not covered with mud; 4 areas with frequent cold air or high cold air intensity fail to deepen the water level in time before cold air comes.
Premature colonization is not only prone to cold damage (injury caused by low temperature above 0 °C), but also freeze damage (injury caused by low temperature below 0 °C). The main problem in the appropriate planting period is the chilling problem. The lotus roots are usually cold and rainy during 30 to 45 days after planting. The Yangtze River basin and its north area are generally in mid-May.
The precautionary measures are mainly to improve the quality of colonization and to enhance the water depth adjustment after planting. In the general practice of planting quality, the seedlings are inserted into the mud, the tail tips are exposed, the top buds are about 10 cm deep, and the seedlings are slightly buried. After planting, generally maintain a shallow water layer of about 10 cm, so that the top buds are not exposed to the water surface. If there is strong cold air coming, it is enough to deepen the water level to 20~30 cm. For plants that have appeared leaf yellowing, refer to other vegetable crops, foliar application of 0.5% to 1.0% sucrose + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% urea + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. liquid. After each seed has 2 to 3 leaflets, the plant has a strong adaptability to low temperatures, and the temperature is also high. The problem of cold damage does not exist.
 Third, the colonization period
Different regions have their suitable lotus root colonization period, and each lotus root production area has local experience and colonization period. However, for some newly opened lotus root planting areas or for some people who are newly engaged in lotus root cultivation and lack of experience, it is prone to be too early and not properly colonized. As a result, the germination of the seedlings is poor due to low temperature and the plants are planted in the early stage. bad. It is important to choose the appropriate colonization period in the prevention of low temperature injury (freezing and chilling).
The suitable period of colonization of the field in the same area can be determined by reference to the natural germination period of lotus root. The main factor affecting the germination of the seedlings is the temperature. Comprehensive analysis of data and experience in different regions suggests that the starting date of “average daily maximum temperature ≥15°C and daily average minimum temperature ≥5°C†is used as a reference index for determining the starting date of lotus root field planting.
In life, you must pay attention to the short-term and medium-term weather forecasts for a period of time before and after the start date. If the proposed date of planting in Daejeon is adjacent to the starting date, the maximum temperature of the proposed planting day and its subsequent 3 to 5 days should be ≥15 °C and the minimum temperature is ≥5 °C, preferably in the "cold tail warm head" weather. Under conditions. In fact, it is safer to delay the colonization period of the lotus root field by 7 to 10 days based on the starting date of "average daily maximum temperature ≥ 15 ° C and average daily minimum temperature ≥ 5 ° C".
In addition, Kunming and other places in the south are quite special. For example, in Kunming in late February, the daily maximum temperature is as high as 17 to 19 °C, while the daily average minimum temperature is 4 to 5 °C, which is also suitable for lotus root field planting. In addition, the southern regions of Nanning, Guangdong, Guangzhou, Fujian and Fuzhou, the annual temperature are consistent with the "average daily maximum temperature ≥ 15 ° C, and the average daily minimum temperature ≥ 5 ° C."
Only find the reason why the lotus root does not grow the tree and avoid the above phenomenon to solve or improve the problem that the lotus root will not be planted after planting.
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