The soil is disinfected before the removal of the residue, 50-100 kg of lime per acre, and straws, wheat straw, corn stover and other straws are placed in the furrows for 1000-2000 kg. The lime and straw are buried twice underground, generally buried depth. It is 30 to 40 cm. The straw is as short as possible, compacted after ploughing, and covered with a film sealed to prevent water dispersion and temperature drop. Water is poured from the film until the soil is sufficiently moist, and the field cannot accumulate water. Or use a variety of chemicals or biological agents to disinfect the soil by spraying, watering, soil mixing, fumigation, etc. Spraying or watering is to spray the liquid on the surface of the soil or directly into the soil, so that the liquid penetrates into the deep layer of the soil and kills the bacteria in the soil. The spraying and watering method is suitable for field, nursery nutrient soil, greenhouse and the like.
Rational application of NPK fertilizer chemical fertilizer, especially if the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too high, will significantly increase the soluble salt content in the soil, increase the pests and diseases, and affect the yield and quality of crops. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally apply NPK fertilizers, that is, to determine the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the amount of fertilizer used according to the fertilizer requirements of various vegetables and soil fertility.
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A herbicide is a pesticide used to kill unwanted plants.
Selective herbicides kill certain targets while leaving the desired crop relatively unharmed.
Some of these act by interfering with the growth of the weed and are often based on plant hormones.
Herbicides used to clear waste ground are nonselective and kill all plant material with which they come into contact.
Some plants produce natural herbicides, such as the genus Juglans (walnuts).
Herbicides are widely used in agriculture and in landscape turf management.
They are applied in total vegetation control (TVC) programs for maintenance of highways and railroads.
Smaller quantities are used in forestry, pasture systems, and management of areas set aside as wildlife habitat.
Herbicides have been alleged to cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin rashes to death.
The pathway of attack can arise from improper applicatrion resulting in direct contact with field workers, inhalation of aerial sprays, food consumption and from contact with residual soil contamination.
Herbicides can also be transported via surface runoff to contaminate distant surface waters and hence another pathway of ingestion through extraction of those surface waters for drinking.
Some herbicides decompose rapidly in soils and other types have more persistent characteristics with longer environmental half-lives.
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