Changtu County, Liaoning Province is one of the important grain-producing counties in China. It is located in the northeast corn belt, but it is necessary to plant corn well. Wu Yanliang, secretary of the Party branch of Dongxing Village, Liangzhongqiao Town, Changtu County, deeply understands: “After working in the village for a period of time, I found that the agricultural machinery in Dongxing Village was low, and most of the farmers were traditional retailers, which could not meet the market demand. In July 2013, Wu Yanliang led several party members to establish the Fengmanyuan Corn Planting Cooperative, which not only carried out large-scale planting, but also provided production and marketing services for farmers.
“Farmers think that they have long-term corn cultivation and experience. In fact, the corn technology is also very high.†Wu Yanliang said. To grow corn, you must first choose good seeds. Wu Yanliang told reporters: "The seeds should be selected to suit the local varieties, and the high yields should be stable. For example, we use the iron source series of the Tieling Academy of Agricultural Sciences."
After the seeds are bought, the cooperatives have to choose the second time. "If a bag of seeds has a 2% breakage rate, a package of 6,000 tablets will have 120 seeds to be broken. If there are two or three hundred corns per seedling, there will be no seedlings. The number of seedlings per mu can not be guaranteed." Wu Yanliang said. After planting, you should also wake up and soak seeds with a seed coating agent to ensure the germination power of the corn seeds and make the seedlings stronger. Sowing is also stressful. "Cooperatives use the most advanced no-till planters to achieve precision seeding," Wu Yanliang said.
Secondly, we should choose a good quality fertilizer. "When fertilizing, it is necessary to apply fertilizer to the side. The root of the corn has a fattening effect. Where is the fertilizer?" The deeper the fertilization in the lateral deep, the deeper the main root is." Wu Yanliang introduced. The dosage should also be precise, and it is necessary to ensure that the corn does not lose fertilizer or super fat at all stages of growth.
“The choice of seed fertilizer is scientific, and the field management is also scientific. In 2014, we found 23 holes in the traditional corn field management process.†Wu Yanliang said. In 2015, after the cooperatives completed the loopholes, when the average farmer's corn yield was 1400-1500 kg, the cooperative's per mu yield reached 1600-1700 kg, and the effect of increasing production and income was obvious.
What are the specific vulnerabilities? “For example, after planting the land, the herbicide should be used to seal the ground, so there is no weed in the ground. To control the biological agents according to different seasons, different temperatures and seedlings, we usually use biological agents to stick to the 1343-generation corn. Insects, including corn borer, are controlled." Wu Yanliang told reporters.
In order to prevent the wind from blowing down the corn, causing the lodging to reduce production, the cooperative also took measures on the dwarfing of the corn to reduce the plant height of the corn by an average of 30 cm. This plays an important role in lodging, and dwarf corn stalks are also beneficial for mechanical harvesting. Through this series of scientific management, corn yield can be increased by 200 kg compared with traditional planting methods.
Not only that, the cooperative also provides farmers with “five generations†of services, namely, threshing, transportation, generation drying, generation of storage, and sales. Farmers can put food in cooperatives and sell food at any time, equivalent to farmers’ food banks. . “Cooperative food prices are higher than those sold to food traders. We have the ability to store inventories and sell them at the best price in the market. And after the corn is harvested, it is treated by threshing and drying to ensure the quality is not lost. Wu Yanliang told reporters that farmers selling food to cooperatives can earn 3 to 5 cents more per kilogram than selling food sellers. Chen Li, a large grain grower in Dongxing Village, planted 50 acres of corn. Last year, he collected 80,000 kilograms of grain, all of which were sold to cooperatives with a total income of 4,000 yuan.
“Intensive land planting is the biggest advantage of cooperatives. Through a series of measures such as fertilizer selection, scientific management, and storage and sales, the income per mu can be increased by 300 yuan.†Wu Yanliang said, “But the biggest constraint on the development of cooperatives is that land cannot be concentrated. Mechanization cannot be carried out on a large scale, and the scattered land will cause a certain amount of money to be wasted."
Therefore, Wu Yanliang suggested: "If more farmers can be led to transfer land to cooperatives, the land will be more conducive to increasing the efficiency of corn planting. It is recommended that the state introduce more support policies to support the development of new business entities, which is conducive to corn planting. Improve quality and efficiency and transform and upgrade the industry."
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