There are neurons in the brain that cause repeated fear of memory: help to treat anxiety
April 03, 2019 Source: Sina Technology
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One of the surprises of Drew and his team is that brain cells that suppress fear memory are hidden in the hippocampus.
Sina Technology News Beijing time on April 3 news, the University of Texas at Austin's neuroscientists found that a group of cells in the brain is the cause of sudden recurrence of fear memory. This finding may help researchers make new recommendations on how certain methods of treating anxiety, phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should be used.
In a new study published in the recent Nature Neuroscience, the researchers described the recognition of "extinction neuron," which suppresses fear when activated. Memory, and when not activated, will make the fear memory reappear.
From the time when Pavlov experimented with dogs, scientists learned that memories that we thought were behind us would appear at an inappropriate time, triggering so-called "spontaneous recovery" - subsided The conditional response may be re-energized and reappear even if no intensive training is given. However, scientists are not aware of the reasons for this phenomenon.
“The initial fears often reappear in the brain, but we don’t know much about the mechanisms involved,†says Michael Drew, an assistant professor of neuroscience at the study. “This type of research can help us understand The underlying causes of diseases such as anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder also help us to study potential treatments."
One of the surprises of Drew and his team is that brain cells that suppress fear memory are hidden in the hippocampus. Traditionally, scientists have always linked fear to another part of the brain, the amygdala. The hippocampus is associated with a variety of functions, such as memory and spatial navigation, and seems to play an important role in the integration of fear situations, such as linking fear memory to the location of the event.
This finding may explain exposure therapy, one of the main ways to treat mental problems caused by fear, and why it sometimes has no effect. Exposure therapy promotes the formation of new safe memories that cover the original fear memory through these new memories. For example, if a person becomes afraid of a spider after being bitten by a spider, he can receive exposure treatment and let the spider climb onto himself. These safe memories are called "regressive memories."
“Regression does not mean eliminating the original fear memory, but creating a new memory that inhibits or competes with the original fear,†Drew said. “Our paper shows that the hippocampus produces fear and regression. Memory traces, the competition between these hippocampus traces determines whether fear is expressed or suppressed."
In light of this, researchers may need to revisit the frequency and timing of exposure treatments and explore the possibility of developing new drugs.
In the experiment, Drew and his team placed the mouse in a special box and used a harmless vibration to trigger fear. Later, one of the mice showed fearful behavior while in the box, until it repeatedly entered the box without vibration, forming a regressive memory, the mouse was no longer afraid.
Scientists used optogenetics to turn on and off regressive neurons, artificially activating fear memory and suppressing regression memory. "Artificial suppression of these so-called regressive neurons can reproduce fear, and stimulating them can stop this process," Drew said. "These experiments reveal potential ways to suppress non-adaptive fear and prevent fear recurrence." Ren Tian)
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