Select the best varieties. There are many varieties of Chinese cabbage, which can be divided into three basic ecological types: straight-barreled, raw-headed, and oval-shaped. However, because of the growing season, mid-late-maturing varieties that are disease-resistant, cold-resistant, high-yield, and shelf-resistant must be used for selection. The main fine varieties are: Lubai 3, Shandong No. 2, Shandong No. 5, Fengkang 85 and so on.
Proper sowing. Cabbage has a shallow root system, weak absorptive capacity, rapid leaf growth, and large transpiration volume. It should be fertile, loose, water-retaining, and fertilizer-maintaining neutral or slightly acidic silt, loam, and loessy loam. Requires good drainage and irrigation conditions. The north is mostly cultivated with ridges or flat ridges; the south is cultivated with sorghum. Due to the different planting and environmental conditions in different regions, appropriate suitable sowing dates have been established in various regions, and they have been postponed from September to September from July to September.
Closely planted. Planting density varies according to species, soil strength and climatic conditions. Chinese cabbage cannot be used continuously, and it cannot be rotated with other cruciferous vegetables. This is one of the important measures to prevent pests and diseases. For a ditch of 5-10 centimeters in depth, water along the ditch first. After the water penetrates, spread the seeds evenly in the ditch. Sprinkle 0.8-1 cm thick fine soil and use about 0.5 kg per acre. The same species, suitable climatic conditions, good fertilizer and water conditions, the density can be slightly smaller; conversely, the density should be slightly larger. The way the plants are laid out in the field also affects the growth of Chinese cabbage. In order to facilitate field operations, the line spacing is generally slightly larger than the spacing of the rows.
Seedling management. After the live cabbage was unearthed, the ground water was used to keep the floor moist and reduce the surface temperature. In the absence of rain, usually on the day of sowing or the next day, pouring water, the ridge should be soaked, sow the second day of pouring the second time the water to promote the majority of sprouts unearthed. After emergence and time seedlings, and in the 2-3 or 4-5 true leaves, each seedling once, and remove weeds, diseased seedlings and weak seedlings.
Transplant colonization. The seedling age is generally 15-20 days, when the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, it is the best suitable period for transplanting. Transplanting is best done in the afternoon. According to the characteristics of the species to determine the appropriate density. Water immediately after planting. Every morning and evening, water once every day for 3-4 consecutive days to keep the seedlings alive.
Fertilizer management. top dressing. The Chinese cabbage has a high yield and requires a large amount of fertilizer. It is not only necessary to apply the base fertilizer, but also to apply fertilizer in a timely manner. Seedlings are generally not top-dressing. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the first time can be in the 3-4 true leaves period, apply 10 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, spread on both sides of the seedlings, and immediately watering, called "raising seedlings"; the second time in the Dingmiao or After transplanting, 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre is applied to the ditch on both sides of the ridge, which is called “fertilizing tree fatâ€; the third time in the rosette stage, 25-30 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre is applied. Calcium 10-15 kg, the fertilizer applied to the ditch or hole, and then a little earth ridge, then watering, called "big top dressing"; the fourth time in the middle of the ball, ammonium sulfate 15-20 kg per mu, Can be flushed with water, said "heart filling fat." Watering. During the period from Chinese cabbage to rosette, the temperature of the cabbage is gradually reduced and the weather is mild. Here, it can be properly watered. The lotus can be properly controlled for a few days at the end of the rosette and watered after the third topdressing. After entering the ball stage, Chinese cabbage needs the most water. Therefore, once the seedlings are finished, they must be poured once. Then the second water is poured every 2-3 days. The second watering is very important. At this time, if the soil is cracked, the lateral roots will break and the fine roots will die, affecting the knot. Afterwards, water is usually poured 5-6 days to keep the soil moist.
Prevent pests. Diseases such as soft rot, dry heartburn, downy mildew, and black spot disease will seriously affect the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. In addition to the selection of good varieties and timely sowing, it is necessary to spray the medicine three times successively after the Chinese cabbage has been seeded. After every 7 days, the medicine can be selected from agricultural streptomycin, mesitectin, and 30% copper phthalate copper sulfate suspension. Prevention of soft rot, black rot and other bacterial diseases. If cabbage disease needs to be removed immediately and brought out of the field, 72% urea manganese zinc wettable powder, dimethomorph may be used to treat downy mildew. Difenoconazole and cyanobacteria may be used. Medicines such as azoles are used to treat fungal diseases such as black spot and anthrax. If the Chinese cabbage is dry, it will be sprayed with calcium-containing foliar fertilizer plus zinc-iron-boron multielement fertilizer and sprayed twice.
Bale and harvest. In the late growth stage of Chinese cabbage, as the temperature decreases day by day, the weather changes greatly. To prevent frost, bundle it in time. Usually 10-15 days before harvest, stop watering, lift the rosette leaves, hold the leaf ball, and then bind the leaves with soaked sweetpotato or cereal grass. Make the pack tighter and continue to grow. Before 2-3 days of light snow, it should be harvested in time and aired in the field until the outside leaves are wilting and can be stored. Cabbage slowly grows below 10°C, stops growing below 5°C, and is still recoverable from 0°C to -2°C for a short time. The temperature is lower, and it can't be restored if the freezing time is long.
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