Cultivation Techniques
Seed propagation
The eucalyptus seeds are fleshy fruit and the seeds turn from green to light yellow when they mature. The seeds can be collected in November and stored in a dry and ventilated place after harvest. The seed coat structure is hard, dense and impervious. Without treatment, the seed germination rate is extremely low. Before sowing, the seeds were exposed to sunlight for 2-3 days, and then soaked in hot water at 60-70°C. The proper retort was used to make the peel soft, and then rubbed and rinsed with water. Another method is to soak it with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 to 3 minutes before sowing, and rinse with clean water.
The sowing site requires good drainage and flatness. Before the planting, the nursery shall be well-grounded, ridged, and soiled. The seeding time is from late March to mid-April. The seeding rate is 20-30 g/m2, the row spacing is 20-25 cm, and the ditch depth is 3-5 cm. Cover the soil after sowing and gently suppress it. Condition can be covered with plastic film, seedling emergence after 10 to 15 days. Eucalyptus has 4 to 6 seeds per kernel and clustered after emergence. When the seedlings grow to 5~10cm seedlings, seedlings are planted at 15cm spacing, and 1 seedling per cluster is sufficient.
Cutting propagation
In the second half of February or early March, the roots or shoots with a diameter of 0.5 cm were selected, and cuttings with a length of 15 cm were cut and then cut. The cuttings are flat and the lower ones are oblique. The spacing of the cuttings is 15~20cm, the spacing is 30~40cm, the depth is 1/3 of the length, and the surrounding soil is solidified after cutting. In early April, adventitious buds on the cuttings sprouted in succession. When the seedlings grow to 5~8cm, only one sprout will be kept and the seedlings will be cultivated. The rest will be wiped off.
Seedlings
Seed selection should be selected from 10-20 years of robust and healthy pest-free mother trees. It can be harvested from the late November to the early December when the fruit matures. After soaking in water for a few days, it can be washed away. If the amount can be used to remove the rice knife rice mill processing, while adding water to the meter bucket, to play a role in lubrication. Seed production rate of 25-35%, 1000-grain weight 580-800 grams, 1,200-1,700 grains per kilogram of pure seeds. The germination rate is 80-90%. After washing the dried kernels, sand or dried, the germination power can be maintained for more than 1 year.
Sow, root and dry. The main seedlings are planted. Choose fertile, moist, loose and well-drained soil as a nursery. 30 mu per acre bar fertilizer, after the full-basic fertilizer to build a bed, to intensive cultivation, breaking the mud, leveling the bed. The sowing season is between early March and mid-March. Drill seedlings, 15-20 centimeters from the strip, about 3 centimeters thick, about 20 kilograms per acre.
The seedlings were unearthed in the middle and early May and the weeding work in the nursery was performed before the emergence period. Seedlings are clustered. When the seedling height is about 8 cm, the seedlings are shed in rain and rain, and 1 seedling is kept in each cluster. The remaining seedlings are transplanted or replanted in separate beds. After the early July, the seedlings entered the fast-growing period and should begin in late June. Every 15 days, the ditch should be applied with 3-4 kg of urea, and the irrigation should be combined in the early stage to give full play to its fast-growing potential. After the beginning of September, the seedlings begin to cap and terminate high growth. In order to fully promote the lignification of seedlings, nitrogen fertilization and irrigation should be stopped in early August. The seedlings were 1.5 meters high, with a root diameter of 1.7 centimeters and about 8,000 seedlings per mu.
The cuttings of bitter buckwheat buried in roots and inserted into dry seedlings should be bred to the main, lateral roots, and seedlings that are more than 0.6 cm in diameter after the seedlings are lifted. The ear length is 13-16 cm. Straight line, the upper incision and the bed flat. After germination, one thick shoot was kept in each panicle and the rest were cut off. Fertilizer management with seedlings. The seedlings of the year were higher than the seedlings and had developed lateral roots, but the seedling rate was higher for seedlings and buried seedlings, and the rooting seedlings were lower.
Big seedling cultivation
Choose a nursery with deep soil and fertile soil, intensive cultivation, adequate basal fertilization, and good soil disinfection and pest control. The beds are made in a north-south direction with a bed width of 1.5 meters and 660 or so per acre. Autumn leaves fall to the spring before sprouting, choose cloudy days or windless early morning and early evening for transplantation. Proper pruning of the main root at the time of transplantation promotes lateral root growth. After transplanting, we will do a good job in weeding, weeding, fertigation, and pest control to restore roots and shoots as soon as possible. After two years of cultivation, when the seedlings are about 3 meters high on average, 2.5 to 3 cm of DBH can be planted.
Forest selection
Afforestation can be carried out after falling from the seedlings in late December to the mid-February of the following year. In the afforestation area, alluvial soil with fertile, fertile and well-drained soil, house-side rubble soil, and farmland-cultivated soil should be selected.
(1) Afforestation density: 28-74 plants/mu. General planting trees are lined at 3*4 meters and Zhanglin is 4*6 meters. The seedlings were 1.5 meters tall and had a root diameter of 1.7 centimeters.
(2) Site preparation: The block preparation is not less than 60 x 60 cm and the depth is not less than 20 cm. The diameter of planted hole is not less than 30 cm, and the depth is not less than 40 cm. Base fertilizer is applied inside the hole.
Tending management
(1) Annual management: Eucalyptus trees grow naturally, with low branches and low trunk. The specific implementation process is: in the first three years, through the “foliar shootsâ€, a tall and upright main trunk will be cultivated. After afforestation with large acres, the 2-3-2 of the above-ground parts will be removed before sprouting in February-March. / 3. In May, when adventitious buds germinate to 10 cm in length, choose to leave a thick new shoot near the incision to cultivate the trunk, cut off the rest of the buds, and in the 2nd or 3rd year, remove the immature part of the shoot. Leave a new strain in the opposite direction of the year left. Do so until the trunk reaches the desired height. At this time, they should be nurtured 1-2 times before and after the "Fei Tuo". It is best to fertilize one time, mainly farmyard manure, or planting green manure, beans, and farming to caress. After the fourth year, it is a growth stage, at which point it can be allowed to branch naturally in order to develop a large and full crown for the growth of eucalyptus itself and the need for dry matter accumulation.
(2) Thinning period: No thinning is performed within 10 years due to the "tip shoot" method. For plantation forests over 10 years old, the density should be appropriately adjusted according to the specific conditions such as business purpose, stand growth status, and site conditions.
(3) The final harvest period: It is appropriate to harvest buckwheat and high-yield forests in 10-15 years.
Pest control
Diseases include ulcer disease, brown spot disease, plexus disease, mosaic disease, and leaf spot disease; pests include yellow thorn moth, flat thorn moth, tabby wax moth, and star longhorn cattle.
Big bag moth
The larvae of the big bag moth eroded the leaves and were the most severe from July to September. They could be sprayed with 90% solution of trichlorfon 0.1%. The insect sac can also be manually cut in winter or early spring.
Spot disease
It is caused by pathogenic fungi. In the early stages, brown spots appeared on the leaves, and purple halos surrounded the spots. Black molds were visible on the spots. As the temperature rises, several lesions are sometimes connected, and finally the blades scorch and fall off. The optimum temperature range for the growth of the pathogen is 25°C to 30°C, and the optimum spore germination temperature is 18°C ​​to 27°C. The spores can germinate in a few hours if the temperature is appropriate and the humidity is high. The area has entered the rainy season. Plants are planted densely, with poor ventilation and light transmission, and a relatively stable environment of high humidity and temperature is established between the plants, which is very beneficial to the germination and invasion of pathogenic spores, and the pathogens can be repeatedly infested. Failure to pay attention may lead to serious illness. Control methods: can kill WP 1000 times or 50% carbendazim 1000 times, 1000 times spray of large students.
Chafer
Prevention should be carried out in the evening or early morning, and prevention and control can be controlled with phoxim or thosulfide spray.
Red spider
Dichlorvos can be used to spray 1200 to 1500 times, but also can be used to kill 40% dimethoate 1500 times. Iron deficiency caused by iron deficiency: The typical manifestation of iron deficiency is the first yellowing of young leaves.
Yellowing disease
(1). "Eat tablets", take the "Green King of Iron" tablet containing chelated iron directly embedded in the trunk. Through the nutrient absorption of the trees, the iron is evenly transferred to the leaves to supplement the effective iron elements.
(2). "Hit a bottle," that is, a special bottle of nutrient solution is hung around the tree 1.3 meters or so, which is similar to playing a bottle to a patient.
(3). "Spraying water", in addition to the roots and branches, it is also possible to spray the leaves of the trees and absorb iron from the leaves.
(4). "Injection" is the technique of injecting tree trunks to prevent tree yellowing. That is, use a cordless drill to drill an injection hole in the trunk, about 1.2-1.5 cm deep to the xylem, and then use a manual trunk syringe to inject ferrous sulfate + purified water + fungicide dilution.
Ulcer disease
Control methods: scrape the ulcer lesions with a knife in the winter, spray 70% thiophanate 200 times; strengthen tending management, and time cutting, make the forest airy and transparent, promote the tree robust growth. B. Tartarian witches' disease: Leafhoppers are the main communicators of witches' broom. Prevention and control should begin with eliminating leafhoppers. It can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate or 50% malathion 2000 times in the nymph stage of the leafhopper. In addition, the application of 1-1.5 million units of tetracycline or oxytetracycline to roots or injecting pith in newly infected plants has a certain effect.
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