Controlling glucose delivery restores insulin production
November 02, 2016 Source: Noble
Window._bd_share_config={ "common":{ "bdSnsKey":{ },"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":" 0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{ }};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')) .src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];Type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar levels and is caused by a decrease in insulin production. In a new study, the researchers revealed that administration of controlled glucose pulses has the potential to restore normal insulin production and prevent type 2 diabetes.
Research co-author Joseph McKenna from Florida State University (FSU) and colleagues published their findings in the journal PLOS Computational Biology.
Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Its main role is to regulate blood sugar levels and convert glucose from carbohydrate form to energy.
In healthy individuals, beta cells release a regular pulse of hormones into the bloodstream. These pulses limit the amount of glucose released by the liver and promote the absorption of released glucose by body tissues.
However, in people with hyperglycemia or hyperglycemia, the hallmark of type 2 diabetes - excess glucose inhibits the "clock" of beta cells, controls the insulin pulse rhythm, and reduces insulin production.
In the new study, McKenna and his colleagues showed how to apply glucose-controlled pulses to normalize insulin production.
Controlled glucose pulse restarts insulin clock
First, the team created a mathematical model, the Dual Oscillator Model (DOM), which simulates islet cells for experiments. Islet cells are pancreatic cells that contain insulin-producing beta cells.
The DOM model predicts glucose-to-blood pulses with the potential to reactivate insulin clocks within beta cells that have stopped due to excess glucose.
The team then tested this theory in non-diabetic mice with islets removed.
Using a specially designed microfluidic device, the researchers injected different concentrations of glucose solution into mouse islets.
As expected, the insulin clock in mouse islets was inactivated when a high concentration of stable glucose was administered.
However, when a controlled pulse of glucose is applied to the islets, the insulin clock is restarted. In addition, when the flow of glucose solution followed a feedback loop that mimicked liver action, the team found that reactivated islets had the ability to summon other islets and restart their insulin clock.
The researchers found and suggested that insulin reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
"This article demonstrates how to use microfluidics and mathematical modeling together to gain insights into the mechanisms of new hormone secretion," said Richard Bertram, researcher at FSU Neuroscience and Molecular Biophysics Mathematics and Programs.
The authors say it is important that their research may also propose new prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes:
"Here, we used joint modeling and experimental methods to demonstrate that the loss of pulsed insulin reduction caused by elevated glucose can be restored by oscillating glucose stimulation.
Our results have the potential to enhance insulin pulsations and thereby alleviate type 2 diabetes.
In future research, the team plans to apply microfluidic devices to islets of diabetic mice and then to study islets from healthy people and people with diabetes.
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