First, let the performance of the tree
The walnut tree is a tree with extensive management and little trimming. The characteristics of this type of tree: branches grow upright, with fewer lateral branches, irregular growth of branches, multiple cross-overs, weak growth, unclear levels, turbulence of branches, unclear affiliation, main branches, multiple births, stacking, Co-existence; internal axillary closure, due to the extension of the main branch is too long, apex densely crowded, bare base at the base, resulting in canopy closure, poor ventilation, empty viscera, the resulting parts outside the shift; the result is weak branches, serious fruit drop, fruit set The rate is generally only 20%, and the quality is poor; the aging tree has focal spots, the ability to produce results is low, and even flower buds do not form; from the middle and lower parts of the big shoots, a large number of leggy branches are formed to form natural renewal and reconstruct the canopy.
Second, the pruning of the tree
The principle that the pruning of the tree is followed is: because the tree is trimmed, the shape of the tree is tangible, and it is invisible and intangible.
1. Selection of large branches
Too much branching is the main contradiction in general for the growth tree, and 5 to 7 main branches should be selected according to the standard of the sparse layer or the natural happy shape. The first layer should be selected according to the growth direction, and 3 to 4 main branches should be selected. Weed out the densely overlapped branches and branches, cross branches, and pests and diseases. In order to avoid excessive removal of large branches at one time, a large number of cross-overlapping branches can be retracted first and processed in different years.
Some varieties (such as Xinfeng, paper peel, etc.) that grow upright, do not divide the main and subordinates, and have too many main branches, tend to grow in polarity every year, and a large number of lower branches die. More difficult to handle. For this kind of tree, in addition to sparse excess branches, the treatment of the main branch extension heads at different levels must be processed in batches, not to overweight in order to avoid inner space or inner limbs being long and combined with summer pruning to remove shears. The upright shoots sprouted from the mouth and cut mouth to promote the rejuvenation of the lower shoots, balanced nutrition, and gradually rejuvenated.
In some varieties, it is obvious that the stem is dry and the main branch is quite messy. The canopy opens (such as Shin Kong, Zha 343, etc.). Because it reflects the advantage of dryness, it is easy to form strong and weak, and the lower main branch is weak and even dead. Closed, resulting in a large number of branches withered, the resulting parts of the external shift, the main branch of the top due to the result of drooping weakness, the formation of overlapping branches on the back, seriously affecting the load. For the pruning of such trees, the head should be dropped depending on the situation. For medium-sized branches, a certain number of lateral branches should be selected according to the growth space. The excess should be removed and retracted. For the main branches at all levels, the pendulous weakening branches should be eliminated. , Select the strong branch to retain the head, the back of the branch with the birth of large branches and one-year upright branches to be removed, so that gradually restore growth potential. For the result branches, it is necessary to select branches that grow robustly and have good positions, and remove weak branches to cultivate stable and robust branches.
2. Adjustment of peripheral branches
For long and thin pendulous branches, they must be appropriately retracted and elevated. The peripheral branches of the senescence tree are mostly short and medium-sized fruit branches and male flowering branches, and should be shrunk and retracted appropriately, and should be headed with thick branches.
3. Cultivation of lychee group
Make use of the long branches of the insiders to carry out the transformation. The rate of transformation of pruned trees can reach 34.5%. There are two methods for cultivating the results: First, put the retraction first, put the long-term branch of the middle-aged man in the first year, cut it in the second year, and direct the branch to both sides; secondly, cut it and put it in the middle. Short cut first, promote branching, and then long release. In the first year, 5 buds were short and heavy, and in the 2nd year, except for standing long and long branches, the weaker branches were put on the head and put slowly to promote the result of flowering. This method has more branches and branches. The result is strong ability and long life.
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