Freezing damage on the one hand destroys the membrane structure in plant cells, and on the other hand causes metabolic disorders due to the destruction of the membrane. The concentration of the aqueous solution in the intercellular space is lower than that in the cell fluid, causing extravasation of intracellular water. In order to minimize the losses caused by frost to the production of fruit trees, the following preventive and remedial measures are proposed in accordance with the specific conditions of different fruit tree disasters:
Irrigation and whitening. Irrigation or sprinkler irrigation at the beginning of spring can significantly reduce ground temperature and delay germination; irrigate 1-2 times after germination and before flowering, and generally delay flowering for 2-3 days. Irrigation or spray irrigation before freezing damage can increase ground temperature and tree temperature, which can prevent and reduce freezing damage.
In early spring, the whitening of the tree body can effectively prevent sunburn, and can delay the germination and flowering for 3-5 days. The whitening can not only prevent frost, but also effectively prevent pests and diseases. (Recipe: 10 parts of quicklime, 1-2 parts of table salt, 35-40 parts of flour).
The use of these two measures can delay the flowering period by 5-7 days. After all, the ability of flowers and buds to resist freezing damage is significantly stronger than that of young fruits.
Strengthen management. Strong tree frost will damage the young fruit, new shoots and leaves of the tree to varying degrees. In order to restore tree vigor as soon as possible, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened, tree nutrition should be supplemented, and the cytosol concentration of the fruit should be increased. The tree's drought resistance and disease resistance, apply more fertilizer before and after flowering, and apply compound fertilizers such as special fertilizer for fruit trees, especially foliar spray fertilizer.
Reasonable pruning and retraction of affected branches, leaves, and fruits of all trees and varieties. Do not rush to pruning or plucking in a short time. You should adopt the method of late thinning and more fruit retention to retain uninjured or lightly damaged fruits to ensure multi-fruiting and fruiting Good results, to maximize the loss caused by frost. At the same time, the branches of the tree should be opened to control the vegetative growth and allow it to recover naturally.
Raw smoke is a common method for fruit farmers to deal with freezing damage. The prevention effect depends on the quality of the smoke, and high-quality orchards can raise the temperature by about 2 ° C. The number of smoke piles is at least 5-6 piles per acre, evenly distributed in all directions. The haystack is 1.5 meters high and the bottom diameter is 1.5-1.7 meters. When the haystack is piled in, several rough wood rollers are inserted straight and obliquely. After stacking, the haystacks are pulled out for ventilation holes. Place flammable materials inside the haystack through the holes, and cover the haystack with wet grass or mud. This is enough smoke and lasts a long time. Fumes can be used as stalks, weeds, fallen leaves and other flammable materials that can generate a large amount of smoke. Fumigation has a certain effect on slight freezing damage above -2 ° C. If it is lower than -2 ° C, the prevention effect is not obvious.
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