The reproductive rate of sows refers to the comprehensive benefit indicators generated during the normal service life of sows, including the number of effective fetuses, number of litters, birth weight of piglets, survival rate of piglets, and lactation force. The factors that affect the reproductive rate of sows and the measures to increase the reproduction rate are summarized below.
1. boar
Boars are more important than sows. We must do everything possible to increase the utilization of boars.
2. Variety
The quality of the variety directly affects economic efficiency. The local pig breeds in China are characterized by early sexual maturity, obvious estrus, more litter size, resistance to roughage, strong resistance to stress, good meat quality, long growth period, and easy feeding. Breeding is often selected as the female parent.
3. surroundings
The environment of the pig farm includes three kinds of social environment, farm environment and housing environment. In particular, the quality and sanitation of the ambient air must be concerned. Pigs are mammals, and the importance of aerobics is well known. Oxygen is the pig's largest nutrient. However, in many pig houses, there are problems such as the air is not smooth, the ground is wet, the light is insufficient, and harmful toxic gases (such as NH3, HzS, CO, CO2, impure bismuth, etc.) are excessively exceeded. In the case of NH3, protein metabolism is the main source of NH3 production, followed by intestinal microbial metabolism including amino acid fermentation degradation and urea (stool) hydrolysis by enzymes are all important sources of NH3 production. The amount of NH3 produced in suckling pigs is greater. The affinity of hemoglobin with o7H3 is much greater than that of oxygen. When the concentration of NH3 is too high, the pigs are easily disturbed, secondary diseases, poisoning and even death. NH3 + H20pNH40H-NHI + OH-, because the proportion of NH40H is greater than air and sinks to 20-40cm above the ground, it is the height of the anus from the ground when the pig stands and when sleeping, the mucosa is vulnerable to damage, and the incidence rate is increased. In particular, respiratory disease is severe; NH4+ and OH- are both highly corrosive, so the hazard is very serious when the NH3 concentration is exceeded. According to experiments, CO has a 240-fold higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen. In terms of light, sufficient light can retain more than 96 energy and protein, which can quickly repair the intestinal wall. In terms of temperature, piglets are cold and pigs are afraid of heat. It is imminent to improve the ecological environment, reduce the incidence, and protect the biological safety.
4. feed
The coarse grains in the feed can improve the reproductive performance of the sow, but it must not be used as a feed for moldy and deteriorating raw materials.
5. nutrition
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins can only be supplied through feed. In addition, the functions of various additives have also been increasingly appreciated by people. Nutritional preparation must be high and balanced. Vegetable protein is not as easily digested and absorbed as animal protein, and it is easy to cause diarrhea in piglets when it is high. The preparation of feeds must be based on the "criterion-free food? Guidelines for feeding pigs" issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and follow the four basic principles of comprehensiveness, balance, efficiency, and safety. Otherwise, it would be illegal or unduly effective.
6. health care
Disease is one of the important factors affecting the economic efficiency of the breeding industry and is the main killer of the pig industry. Take sow constipation as an example. The reasons are: Physiological factors such as increased fetus, slow bowel movements, lack of exercise; Nutritional problems such as insufficient crude fiber, lack of green feed, and nutritional imbalance; Diseases such as bacterial diseases and viral diseases; Additives such as probiotics are insufficient, unqualified, and unbalanced, and illicit drugs are added. The lack of management, such as the number of drinkers, is inappropriate, and the water speed is not sufficient. The most important and most economical method of controlling epidemics is isolation, disinfection, prevention of epidemics, elimination of sources of infection, cut-off of transmission routes, prevention-based prevention, and prevention-based treatment; raising the level of feeding and management, strengthening health care, enhancing the body immunity of pigs, and paying attention to biosafety No delay.
7. Non-production days
The number of non-sitting days refers to the number of days the sow has not been used for production - 365 days/year. The number of births (days of weaning at ten days of pregnancy) o Weaning at 28 days, and an annual output of 2.3 tires as an example. Non-production days = 365 -2.3(28+114)—39 days/year. According to foreign experience, an increase of 3 days in non-production days is equivalent to 0.5 piglets per year in sows. Reducing the return rate, reducing the number of abortions, increasing the conception rate, extending the useful life (usually using eight children), and avoiding premature or unnecessary culling are important ways and methods to increase the sow's reproductive rate.
8. Use hormones
Farms generally do not advocate the use of hormones. Specific issues, specific treatment.
9. Production management
“Farming, prevention, inspection, and treatment†is the most basic job in the pig industry. Pay attention to observation, diligence in thinking, friendship with 97 pigs, enjoy with pigs, refine every simple work, and actively create benefits in every aspect.
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