After years of promotion, soil testing and formula fertilization have been accepted by the majority of farmers. However, soil testing and fertilization are not static but dynamic. Now we introduce the control techniques of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil fertigation.
The real-time regulation of nitrogen fertilizer through the real-time measurement of soil nitrogen levels, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application and the amount of time for different periods of regulation of soil testing and fertilization techniques. Nitrogen fertilizer is different from P and K fertilizers. There is almost no accumulation of after-effects in the soil. There are few residual fertilizers in the soil in the season; and after fertilization, the effects are quick, and the multiple application tends to cause late-maturing crops and fertilizer nutrient losses. Defertilization, therefore, for each season crop and different growth periods, soil nutrients need to be measured in real time and fertilizer regulation before fertilization. In addition, the trends of soil nitrogen and soil phosphorus and potassium are different, with the dual characteristics of overall stability and local variability. According to the total nitrogen stability, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in a certain region can be controlled within a reasonable range; according to the local variability of nitrogen, this range can be used as the basis, according to the law of crop nitrogen absorption. The reasonable allocation of nitrogen fertilizers at different growth stages; fine-tuning the basis and recovery rates of nitrogen fertilizer based on climatic conditions, crop growth, and soil and plant test results.
At present, the usual practice of measuring soil fertility in China is to determine the amount of nitrogen applied during the whole growing period before soil is taken out. The proportion of fertilizer applied at different growth stages is estimated based on expert knowledge or average test results. If the nitrogen supply level and nitrogen application amount can be monitored and controlled in real time, the recommended fertilizer level will be further improved.
Phosphorus and Potassium constant monitoring through regular monitoring and fertilization regulation of the content and trend of (phosphorus) and potassium content in the soil will stabilize the content of (rapid) and effective phosphorus and potassium in the soil in a certain range, so that it will not be realized. The limiting factor for the target production. For example, when the available phosphorus content of the soil is in the middle range, the 100%-110% of the nutrient requirement of the target production (only including the harvested crops in the plot) can be used as the current phosphate application amount; along with the available phosphorus content. In order to increase the amount of phosphate fertilizer, it is necessary to reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizer until it is not applied. With the decrease of available phosphorus, it is necessary to increase the amount of phosphate fertilizer appropriately. In the soil with extremely low phosphorus, 150%-200% of the required amount can be applied; When the soil is measured again after the year, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer shall be appropriately adjusted according to the change in soil available phosphorus and yield. Potassium fertilizer first needs to determine whether the application of potassium fertilizer is effective, and then refer to the above method to determine the amount of potassium fertilizer, but need to consider the amount of organic fertilizer and straw brought into the field. Under normal conditions, all or most of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in field crops are used as basal fertilizers.
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