In production, due to the significant differences in milk production levels and nutritional needs of dairy cows at all stages, stage-feeding methods are usually used for feeding management. It is divided into three stages: perinatal period, lactation period and dry period.
First, perinatal feeding and management
15 days before birth are in the perinatal period. This stage should be based on the original feed 1-2 kg of dairy cows on a daily basis, adding 0.5 kg of fine material daily until reaching 1%-1.5% of body weight, controlling calcium and phosphorus. The amount of use. The material used should be the same as the post-natal material.
It has been proved that if cattle are raised before the birth and they are accustomed to eating more concentrates, they will not easily cause morbidity, and they will be able to give full play to the cow's milk production potential and increase milk production.
Second, lactation feeding management
1. Early lactation feeding management.
(1) The first 70 days after calving is the initial stage of lactation, which is the period when milk production reaches the peak of milk production quickly. The newly born cows are weak and can be fed warm salted bran porridge at this time, so that physical and digestive functions can be restored.
High-yielding dairy cows must not squeeze milk within 3 days after delivery to prevent postpartum paralysis. On the first day, about 5 kg was extruded, enough for calves to drink; 1/3 of the milk was extruded the next day; 1/3 was extruded on the third day; 3/4 or squeezed on the fourth day.
High-yielding dairy cows are mainly fed with high-quality green coarse material for the first 3 days after delivery. The amount of concentrate is the same as the perinatal period. Generally, from the fourth day, the appetite of dairy cows gradually recovers, and the milk output is increased by 1 kg per 2.5 kg of milk. The proportion of material should be increased (up to 70%), until the milk production no longer increases, and then reduce the amount of feed from the concentrate until the milk production declines.
(2) According to statistics, about 40% of the first estrus occurred within 60 days after delivery, 40% from 61 to 90 days, and 20% from 91 days. After one month of calving, the estrus of the cows was observed for timely mating, and it was possible to have a one-year child with 85 days after birth. If you have not been in heat for 3 months after delivery, you must check to find out the reason.
2. Feeding management in the middle of lactation.
The cow is mid-lactating 71-140 days after childbirth. At this time, the peak of lactation has passed, and the dry matter quality reaches a peak. The appetite of dairy cows is strong and the weight begins to recover. Milk production decreased by 4%-10% every month. At this point, the amount of concentrate should be adjusted, every 2.5 kg of milk minus 1 kg of refined material, can not see the decline in the amount of milk eager to reduce the material, the purpose is to control the decline in milk production to ensure stable production.
3. Late lactation feeding management.
Postpartum 141-305 days is the late lactation period. During this period, the milk production continues to decline, and the nutrient supply should be dominated by raw materials with a rough ratio of 30:70. At this time, the cow has entered the middle and late pregnancy, and the body weight increases by 500-750 grams per day. From the aspect of feed utilization, the recovery of body weight can be carried out during this period, but to prevent the cows from becoming overweight, it is only necessary to maintain the upper and middle levels of sensation.
Third, dry milk feeding management
It has been determined that cows without milk during continuous milking will have a 25% decrease in lactation in the second trimester, and a 40% decrease in the third trimester if no milk is applied.
1. Dry milk method.
(1) Gradually dry milk method. 1-2 weeks before stopping milk, suppress milk by changing dietary composition (reducing juiciness, concentrates, limiting drinking water, increasing hay), reducing milking times and feeding times, stopping breast massage, changing the environment, etc. Secret activity, and finally stop milking.
(2) Fast dry milk method. In the final milking period on the day of dry milk, it must be thoroughly squeezed, the breast nipples should be wiped clean, and the nipple should be immersed in 5% iodine to disinfect the milk. After that, the long-acting antibiotic dry milk ointment should be injected into each breast area and the treatment should be stopped. Milking and keeping the environment clean. This method should pay attention to changes in the breast, the initial inflation of the breast, as long as there is no swelling, pain, fever, shiny. If there is excessive swelling, drops of milk and other phenomena, should be squeezed after the milk plus penicillin ointment closed as well. However, cows with high milk production, suffering from or having mastitis should not be used.
2. Feeding management.
(1) Feeding management in the early stage of dry milk. From the day of dry milk until lactation is completely stopped and the breasts return to normal and soft, 1-2 weeks are the pre-dry milk period. This period of feeding and management requirements: to meet the dry cow nutrition at the same time, do not feed the juicy material and auxiliary materials, the main green coarse material, with the appropriate material. Strengthen your movements, prevent breasts from touching your body, and pay close attention to breast changes.
(2) Rearing of dry milk. From the end of the dry period before the end of the dry period to the end of the period of dry milk. During this period due to the rapid growth of the fetus, the nutritional needs increase, and the amount of concentrate should be determined according to the conditions of the cow, health, appetite, and expected milk production at that time.
In addition, to prevent heat stress in dairy cows, heat stress also has a large impact on milk production.
YT-T15
YT-T15
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