Tengzhou City, Shandong Province is the main potato producing area in China. The second film potato is the main planting mode of spring potato, accounting for 64.6% of the total area of ​​spring, and the high yield of the second film potato directly determines the income of potato farmers.
Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to the selection and breeding of potatoes, dicing and germination, scientific fertilization, ventilation management and disease control, and provide a good external environment for the healthy growth and expansion of potatoes.
Use good seed potato
The excellent seed potatoes have early emergence, strong growth, less seed-borne diseases, and the contribution rate to the final yield can reach about 60%.
With the continuous expansion of the Tengzhou seed potato market, various seed potato sales companies have brought many varieties, and these varieties have different maturity, and some have early maturity and medium maturity. When selecting a variety, first understand the familiarity of the variety to the seller, and then determine the variety according to the arrangement and time of the market.
In addition, when buying seed potatoes, you should also pay attention to three problems:
(1) It is necessary to select large manufacturers, quality-assured seed potatoes, and grow varieties that are stable for 2-3 years.
(2) Appearance. Each breed has his general form.
(3) Check the rate of diseased potatoes and the rate of decay.
Scientific fertilization
In recent years, some farmers have recognized the importance of using organic fertilizers and the widespread application of organic fertilizers. When choosing organic fertilizer, pay attention to the purchase of fully decomposed organic fertilizer. It is strictly forbidden to apply organic fertilizer produced by domestic garbage and animal manure such as undigested chicken manure, duck manure and pig manure. Promote straw returning to the field.
The specific operation is: when the plant is finely sown, apply 100 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per acre + 150 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (17-10-18) + 20 kg of silicon-calcium fertilizer, spray the seaweed fertilizer or rot on the leaf surface The acid fertilizer promotes the growth of the tree. After the potato is thundered, it is applied twice to apply 10 kg of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. Combined with disease prevention, 100 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added each time to prevent premature senescence of the leaves and improve the light and efficiency of the leaves.
Promote drip irrigation technology to save water and fertilizer, improve water and fertilizer utilization.
Seed dressing, dicing, germination
The pathogens that may exist on seed potatoes include late blight pathogens, black smut pathogens, and curative bacteria. These pathogens must enter the seed potato through wounds and stomata and cause infection to cause disease. The main function of the seed dressing is to kill a part of the pathogen of the seed potato and reduce the occurrence of the disease.
The correct way is: after purchasing the seed potato, use 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or a suitable time for agricultural or streptomycin or carbendazim + chrysinmycin or amastrix + chrysanthemum, every 130 kg 1 kg of potato liquid, mix and dry to stack. Cut into pieces about 30 days before sowing, dry the wound, and mix with Bright Shield or Amax + Chunleimycin or Talc + Jiatu + Zhongshengmycin to dry and germination.
When cutting, prepare two knives, one disinfectant (75% alcohol or 0.5% potassium permanganate solution), stick to one potato, the first knife will cut the umbilical part into a coin-sized block to see if the vascular bundle turns yellow. Turn black. The spiral is chamfered to the top, and finally divided into two by the top bud.
The germination temperature (soil temperature) is preferably about 18 ° C, and the buds are thick at this time. The temperature is higher than 20 ° C for a long time, the bud is slender, and the bud is hardly longer than the 10 ° C for a long time. The temperature is high first and then low, and the "dream potato" is easy to occur.
sowing
Sowing depth: the ditch is about 8 cm deep at the time of sowing. After covering the soil, the potato potato block is protected from the mulch film by 13-14 cm. At the same time, the ridge is widened, the top width of the single ridge is 25 cm, and the double ridge is about 30 cm. Prevent the long stems of the potatoes from appearing on the ground without potato, reducing the green head. The single ridge spacing is 65 cm and the plant spacing is 20 cm; the double ridge spacing is 75 cm and the plant spacing is 30 cm.
Prevention and control of underground pests: mainly two insects (蛴螬, Golden Needle), it is recommended to use phoxim EC 200ml + thiamethoxam 15ml. In the new land in the grain area, the potato is planted, and there are many underground insects. It is recommended to use the “two-step methodâ€: 200ml of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 300ml of cyhalothrin in the deep ploughing before winter, and the application of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 200 ml + thiamethoxam 20 ml.
Film: It is recommended to use black and white color film, anti-grass, anti-green head, and high temperature protection in the later stage.
Field management
1, timely break the film release seedlings: put seedlings in time. In recent years, farmers have adopted the technique of covering the soil about 3 cm when the potato buds are 2-3 cm away from the mulch, which can save the process of artificial seedlings.
2, temperature management: potatoes like a cool environment. The tuber enlargement requires a lower temperature, which is most suitable at 12-14 °C. The most suitable soil temperature for expansion is 17-20 °C, and the tuber growth is blocked at 25 °C. The size of the vent and the length of the ventilation time should be determined according to the temperature inside the shed.
3, appropriate watering: look at the sky to see the seedlings watering. Under the premise of sowing water, watering once a week after sowing. If you don't make it before the broadcast, you can even water it 3-4 times after the broadcast. Watering once after the seedlings, the water is controlled once after the watering of the saplings, and the potato is mainly transferred from the growth of the stems and leaves to the growth of the tuber. After the buds, the small water is poured to ensure the rapid expansion of the potato stalks. demand.
Pest Control
The prevention and control of potato pests and diseases should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, adhere to the concept of “green plant protectionâ€, and comprehensively adopt technologies such as agricultural measures, physical measures, biological measures, trapping measures, and chemical measures.
Use disease-free seed potatoes, knife disinfection, chemical dressing, medicinal spray ditch, large rows of large ridges, timely ventilation and dehumidification, installation of insecticidal lamps, hanging blue and yellow plates, release of natural enemies, use of biological pesticides, etc.
In the potato group period, use Kelu + An Taisheng together with the ground evenly sprayed, after the bud period, use mancozeb + Zengwei win green + can kill three thousand or silver fate + Garrinong or copper master + Ketai Stable alternate leaf spray, 7-10 days apart.
The above is the potato planting technology of the second membrane arch shed in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province. The pesticides in this article are for reference only. The growers can adjust according to their economic ability, the characteristics of pests and diseases and the habits of medication. If you want to know more about agricultural technology, please pay attention to the Hui Nong School!
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