Everyone knows that the elderly sleep less, but why is this? In fact, this is related to melatonin, an autocrine hormone in the body. It exists in many organisms, from algae to humans, and its levels vary with time of day. The level of melatonin at night directly affects the quality of sleep. After the middle age, the secretion of melatonin begins to decrease, and until the old age, the secretion is negligible. Therefore, the elderly often not only sleep for a short time, but also have low sleep quality.
So how does melatonin come about?
Melatonin is primarily an amine hormone produced by the human pineal gland. The pineal gland is a bean-sized tissue in the brain that is a gland in the brain. The pineal gland can sense and respond to light signals. The pineal cells are rich in serotonin, which is converted to melatonin by the action of special enzymes. The secretion of melatonin is restricted by light. When irradiated with intense light, melatonin secretion is reduced; melatonin secretion is increased in dark light.
So what effect does melatonin play in the human body?
1, melatonin can help improve sleep
Low-dose (1~3mg) melatonin has an ideal sleep aid effect, helping the body to go to sleep. Melatonin also reduces the number of wake-ups in sleep. As we all know, sleep is divided into deep sleep and light sleep. Melatonin can help reduce the time of shallow sleep and prolong the duration of deep sleep. The deep sleep state is the highest quality of sleep, the best rest state, and it is generated for long-distance travel. The time difference problem can also rely on melatonin to help adjust.
2, melatonin can help delay aging
The human body contains many free radicals, which can damage the biological macromolecules, leading to the destruction of cell structure and the aging of the body. Melatonin can protect the cell structure by scavenging free radicals, prevent DNA damage and reduce peroxide in the body. This process of content helps the body delay aging.
3, melatonin can help fight cancer
Melatonin helps to eliminate free radicals in the body, in addition to delaying aging, it also helps fight cancer. Second, melatonin can reduce the formation of DNA adducts induced by chemical carcinogens (xanthine) and prevent DNA damage. In addition, melatonin promotes the production of accumulation factors by endogenous granulocytes and macrophages through bone marrow T-cells, and can be used as an adjuvant treatment for tumors.
4, melatonin can help regulate immune function
Studies have shown that functional or drug-induced inhibition of melatonin biosynthesis can lead to suppression of humoral and cellular immune effects in mice. Therefore, melatonin has a good protective effect on human endocrine disorders.
Melatonin is so powerful, isn't it as much as possible?
no!
1, more melatonin taken may cause emotional problems
The secretion of melatonin is restricted by light. When irradiated with intense light, melatonin secretion is reduced; melatonin secretion is increased in dark light. When the body has a lot of melatonin, it will be depressed. On the contrary, when there is less melatonin in the human body, "there is a happy spirit." For example, people feel comfortable, energetic, and sleep less on sunny days. Conversely, in the case of drizzle and haze, the mood will be low, depressed, and sleepy. Therefore, excessive secretion or supplementation of melatonin by healthy people may lead to depression, reduce work efficiency, and may cause mental illness.
2, melatonin is not suitable for long-term use
Only middle-aged and elderly people whose functions have begun to degenerate can supplement melatonin with their own secretions that cannot meet their needs. However, in the normal population, in the case of regular work and rest, no additional supplements are needed. If you add too much melatonin, it may lead to a relatively low concentration of thyroxine and adrenaline in the human body. On the contrary, it may cause a feeling of languidness and drowsiness. For people driving, working in machinery and working in hazardous situations, the consequences will be very dangerous. In addition, women who are pregnant must not eat melatonin, which is a risk of teratogenicity.
For those who need to improve sleep and adjust the time difference, it may be worth considering taking food from food. The food is better than medicine. You may want to eat more walnuts, oatmeal, red wine and other foods.
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