Pecan is a famous dried fruit and woody oil in China. It is also a characteristic dried fruit in Zhejiang Province. It is also one of the important economic forests in Zhejiang Province, especially in the mountainous areas of Hangzhou. However, there are problems in the sustainable management of pecan cultivation today. Let's talk about these issues and how to deal with them.
1 There is a problem
Due to the long-term management of pecan forests, such as rejuvenation and chemical weeding, the roots of the trees are bare and the undergrowth vegetation is scarce. The soil and water loss of some forests is serious, and the biodiversity and ecological environment are destroyed, causing different degrees of ecological problems.
The occurrence of pecan pests and diseases is serious, which seriously affects the yield and quality of pecans, and also greatly dampens the enthusiasm of forest farmers for production and management;
The pecan peel is alkaline and not easy to rot. Whether it is placed on the mountain or poured into the water, it will cause serious environmental problems.
1.1 Pecan dry rot is serious
Pecan dry rot is also called ulcer disease and black water disease. After the onset, the pecan trunk cortex rots and flows out of black ink-like juice. The incidence rate of the plant can reach 80%-100%, and the pecan will be reduced in a large amount, which may lead to the tree trend. Weak, dead;
Investigations have shown that the occurrence of pecan dry rot catastrophes is closely related to the decline of pecan forest growth, soil acidification of forest land, and imbalance of supply of trace elements. The root cause of soil acidification in pecan forests is long-term chemistry. Blind, single use of fertilizer;
The greater the intensity of fertilization measures, the more severe the acidification of the soil.
1.2 The forest family's ecological awareness is not strong
At present, some employees of the pecan industry are engaged in predatory business development for short-term benefits;
With the improvement of the economic benefits of pecans, in order to maximize the short-term benefits and the convenience of picking management, the forest farmers blindly apply chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, resulting in the pure forestation of pecans and the deterioration of the ecological environment;
Farmers of pecan operators worry that changing the way they operate will result in a decline in pecan production in the short term, which in turn will increase costs and reduce returns.
1.3 The degree of organization of forest farmers is not high
The main body of pecan management is low in organization. The forest management plot is scattered and small. After the forest land is subcontracted to the household, the main body of forestry management is mountain farmers. There are small scale, scattered operation, brand effect is not obvious, and resources are idle. The model of decentralized operation of one household has greatly restricted the capital investment and technological progress of forestry, and thus delayed the development process of moderate scale operation.
1.4 Forest soil fertility declines seriously
The most important factors affecting the growth of pecans are soil pH, calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc key nutrients; followed by basic fertility factors, mainly nitrogen, organic matter and boron, and again potassium and phosphorus.
1.5 Key production technology has low maturity
Fertilization and undergrowth vegetation management are not only the promotion of pecan growth, the increase of pecan production, but also the two most important production measures affecting the evolution of forest and forest soil ecological functions;
Forest land fertilization technology, under-forest vegetation management and biological self-fertilization technology, natural fruit-harvesting safety harvesting technology, improved seed cultivation techniques, dry rot diseases and other important pest control technologies, etc., which directly affect the soil environment of the pecan forest land, the forest growth environment, Key technologies for safe harvesting of the environment and suitable environmental conditions;
In the production of pecans, the lag of service means and service level of soil environmental quality, fertilizers, pesticides, detection and analysis, etc., is also the main reason for the low efficiency of new technologies such as scientific fertilization;
In the management of fertilization and pest control in pecan forest land, forest farmers have no special fertilizers and products for pecans, and can only purchase fertilizers and pharmacies dedicated to crops, resulting in lower efficiency of new technology application.
2 Countermeasures and recommendations
2.1 Continue to increase policy support
The competent forestry authorities should strengthen the policy support for the development of the pecan industry in a targeted manner, especially in the areas of pecan industry development planning, demonstration base construction, and scientific and technological support, and promote the healthy development of the entire pecan industry. Promote the increase of forest farmers;
The Provincial Forestry Department continued to rely on the wood-based oil industry upgrading project support policy to accelerate the development of new-type forestry management entities such as modern professional farmers, large professional households, family forest farms and cooperative economic organizations, and to play their project implementation and technology in the construction of the pecan industry. The resource advantages of promotion, industrial management, product marketing, etc., support and strengthen a number of leading forestry enterprises closely related to the interests of farmers, enhance the driving force of the industry, let the forest farmers share the benefits brought by the processing and circulation links, and truly form a community of interests;
Taking the provincial forestry financial reform policy as the carrier, promoting forestry financial loan service, increasing the support of forest tenure mortgage loans, forestry subsidized loans, forestry and forestry joint insurance loans, forestry comprehensive insurance, etc., promoting resource advantages and optimal allocation of production factors, focusing on Build a new forestry management system.
2.2 Focus on leading the road to cooperation
Grassroots forestry management departments should focus on leading the development of pecan professional cooperatives, focusing on manpower, material resources and financial resources in the form of cooperatives, improving the organization of grassroots pecan industry and realizing the transformation from traditional forestry to modern forestry;
Emphasis will be placed on using the current provincial and municipal-level agricultural-related project policy guidance, strengthening the construction of leading enterprises, professional cooperatives, and large-scale planters, and guiding the pecan forest to the large-scale new business entities in a centralized manner;
Conducting full-scale custody, joint stock ownership, centralized management, professional marketing and other forms of scale management;
Actively promote the establishment of village regulations and petitions in Shishi Town, Lin'an City, organize management and patrols, strengthen the protection and management of forests during the picking period, and promote the agglomeration of fruit trees by the use of trees for tree exchange, paid transfer, agreement lease, and balance compensation. .
2.3 Strengthening the study of ecologically efficient models
Under the premise of ensuring that pecan production is not affected, integrating biodiversity conservation, biological pest control and ecological restoration, it is conducive to restoring and improving forestland productivity, and has a sustainable compound production mode;
Promote pecans + grass (ryago, Chinese milk vetch, big nest vegetables, wild rapeseed, etc.), pecans + shrubs (Amorpha), pecans + small diameter bamboo (water bamboo, Nantianzhu), pecans + tea, etc. A variety of ecological interplanting models form a cultivation management technology system that is compatible with pecan management.
2.4 Innovative technical training services
Increase technical support in the cultivation management and product processing of pecans, strengthen technical training for pecan growers, especially in soil testing and formula fertilization, artificial pollination, scientific prevention and control of pests and diseases, pecan shell scientific use technology etc
Carry out targeted technical training to improve the level of fine planting management of growers;
In the process of organizing technical training and promoting new business models, we should take into account the particularity of the object, adopt a diversified training approach, and increase on-site service points and bases.
2.5 Exploring and developing labor-saving cultivation
Efforts to explore and develop the labor-saving cultivation of pecans will be the general trend;
The pecan Zhang net harvesting and unloading integration technology has obvious economic and social benefits, and promotes the sustainable management of pecans, ensuring safe harvesting, less damage to leaves, branches and tree buds, and does not affect the second year of production. Conducive to the healthy growth of the tree;
There is no need for weeding, which improves the coverage of forest land, reduces soil erosion, improves the ecological environment, and enhances the ability of pecan forests to resist natural disasters;
The pecan Zhang net harvesting and integration technology has realized the machine generation, saving labor, saving labor and saving money.
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