Learn how to do experimentation - Mini Centrifuge Technical Articles
Experimental methods: There are different methods for learning to do experiments. There are probably two methods: learning from others and self-study. Let me introduce them separately.
Basic operations and basics
When starting to experiment, it is best to have someone to guide. The content of the experiment is roughly divided into basic operations and specific experimental operations. Basic operations are the basis of specific experiments, such as: how to measure volume, how to measure and adjust pH, how to clean laboratory utensils, aseptic technique, how to use pipette, how to configure solution, how to autoclave, etc. . When learning to do experiments, you should first learn the most basic operations, and then learn specific experiments. These basic operations are critical and directly determine the success rate of the experiment.
You can recommend a few books about basic experimental operations. The first book is the "Molecular Biology Laboratory Workbook" (English name At the bench: a laboratory navigator). This book is an introductory book for biomedical graduate students. It is recommended to read intensively three times. The Chinese translation of this book is about 300 pages, which is much thinner than the other books that will be introduced. It describes how to get along with others in the lab, how to set up a laboratory, how to write experimental records, basic operations in the laboratory such as reagent configuration, storage and handling, aseptic technique, cell culture, centrifugation, pH measurement, electrophoresis, Use of the microscope, etc. All in all, this book basically covers the daily problems encountered by biomedical laboratories and all the basic operations. It is the first introductory book for biomedical graduate students.
The second book is Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. This book is known as the Bible of Molecular Biology, and there is one in almost every biological laboratory. This book introduces the basic principles and many protocols of commonly used experimental techniques in molecular biology. It has been published to the third edition. The first edition was published in 1982, the second edition was published in 1989, and the third edition was published in 2001. The protocol provided in the book is classic, but some have been improved. This book is very thick. The third edition of the English version has more than 2,000 pages, so it is almost impossible and unnecessary to read all the chapters. Just read the relevant content of the experiment you are doing.
"Current Protocols in Essential Laboratory Techniques" is a book on how to measure the volume, weigh the weight, measure the pH, measure the concentration, etc. The basic operation is to talk about the configuration solution, cell culture, PCR, sample preparation, layer Analysis, electrophoresis, blotting experiments, microscopy, enzymatic reactions (PCR, etc.). This book has a total of 737 pages, which is about the problems that you have to do every day. The detailed system is simple and easy to understand. For those who want to learn to experiment, this book must be read carefully. For those who want to become experimental experts, this book should be read intensively. The Current Protocol is a laboratory manual published by Wiley Publishing. It is one of the classic series of biomedical experiments. There are currently 16 books, including: Neuroscience, Molecular biology, Microbiology, Immunology, Toxicology, Cell biology and so on.
Each of the above three books has its own characteristics. "At the bench: a laboratory navigator" is a general introduction to the basic technology of the laboratory, "Current Protocols in Essential Laboratory Techniques" is a detailed introduction to the basic technology of the laboratory, and "Molecular Cloning" is specific A detailed description of the experiment. According to the principle of “persimmon softeningâ€, it is recommended to read “At the bench: a laboratory navigator†first, and then read “Current Protocols in Essential Laboratory Techniques†1, 2, 3, 5, 9 and the specific learning. The relevant chapters of the experiment, plus the relevant chapters of the specific experiments that are being read by Molecular Cloning. When reading through, mark the key points and your own knowledge blind spots, and then review the key points and knowledge blind spots several times until they are clear.
How to learn from others
If someone teaches to experiment, the learning efficiency will be much higher. Whether you are learning from a teacher or a brother or sister, you need to pay attention to the time of others is precious, so learn as much as you can. Therefore, before you study, first ask the experimental content that you need to learn. You should first read the book and check the network data to get a general understanding of the principle and basic operation of the experiment. Good memory is not as bad as writing. When you are studying, you should bring a pen and paper to record. If you don't understand, don't leave your doubts in your mind because you feel impolite. You should ask clearly. The essence of the experiment is not a simple protocol, but the "heart" of the experiment: key steps, considerations, common problems and solutions. To do any experiment, you must be aware of the key steps, considerations, common problems, and solutions. Be clear about what the effect of a reagent is, what the consequences of adding more or less; what is the purpose of a step, how long it will take if it is too long or too short. When you are studying, if you don't teach these "hearts", you should take the initiative to ask for it and record it.
When you start to experiment, it is best to take three steps: the teacher demonstrates, he is a teacher, and he does it himself. A serious attitude often makes others happy to teach you. If you don't care, others will feel that it is a waste of time. In the beginning of learning an experiment, timely and detailed experimental records are very necessary. If the experiment fails, these records are an important basis for analyzing the reasons for failure. After completing the experiment, summarize the lessons learned, record them, and review these lessons regularly. In short, to learn to do experiments, the steps to follow are: 1. Preview. 2. Watch, record. 3. Do it yourself. 4. Summary and review. The first experiment was successful, often not a good thing, because it may just be good luck. The success after many failures is to grasp the reliable indicators of the experiment. Good labs often have mature protocols, bad labs, and protocols may not be perfect and need to be explored and adjusted.
How to learn by yourself
Not every experiment is taught, and self-study is very common. Self-study to do experiments must be based on mastering the basic operations of the experiment. The key to self-study experiments is to find a viable protocol and to understand the experimental principles, key steps, common problems and solutions. The procedure I generally take is: first use the search engine to retrieve experimental principles, common problems, considerations, and so on. Copy many articles online, read them carefully, find out the key points, and summarize them into a simplified version. Then, find a good protocol. Protocol can be found from a search, from a book, from someone else's literature, or from a bio company's website. These methods are described separately below. It is best to find different protocols for comparison and why the analysis is different. By comparison, you can deepen your understanding of the experiment.
If the person in the department or the person who knows has an experimenter who is studying, it is best to ask the expert for advice and save a lot of time. Sometimes a small detail problem can waste a lot of time.
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