The traditional machine-inserted rice has the technical problems of poor seedling quality, long seedling growth period, difficulty in population control, and premature senescence, etc. The team of experts headed by Prof. Wu Wenge, director of the rice cultivation department of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, creatively developed a seedling machine. Plug in high-yielding cultivation techniques, realized the integration of new machine-planting cultivation techniques and green production increase models, and achieved the green production increase target of “controlling water, controlling fertilizers, controlling drugs, and utilizing straw resourcesâ€.
One rare two controls
Dr. Xu Youzun told reporters that compared with the previous sowing of rice, farmers using seedlings and seedlings can achieve precise on-demand seeding to significantly reduce the amount of seed. The amount of seedlings sown by conventional blanket seedlings is 80-120g/pan, and seedlings are used to raise seedlings. Seeds of 2-3 seeds per hole are sown in hybrid rice with a seeding rate of about 40g per plate; 4-6 seeds are sown per hole in conventional japonica rice. The sowing rate is about 60 grams per plate. In terms of water control and medicine control, farmers can adopt drought-inducing dry-pipe technology, and they only need to spray strong agents and paclobutrazol.
The reporter learned that the age of the traditional blanket nursery is not more than 20 days, and the maximum is 25 days. After adopting the technology of seedling raising and seedling raising, the suitable seedling age can be extended to 30-35 days in the 25-30 days, which can effectively solve the problem of cohesion. Due to the low seeding rate, the growth space, illumination, and nutrient distribution of alfalfa seedlings are significantly better than those of traditional carpet seedlings. The seedling quality (seedling height, stem width, dry matter weight, root volume, root activity, and alfalfa rate) are significantly improved.
Broad narrow line reasonable and sparse
Due to the large seeding rate and high density sowing, the traditional blanket seedling machines are intertwined and intertwined with the roots, and the planting injury is severe when the machinery is planted and transplanted. After transplanting, the seedlings generally have 7-10 days of seedlings, or even longer, and the seedlings are often planted. To adopt an independent sports training program, transplanting the plants with soil when planting, without plant injury, basically no seedlings after planting, promoting the early birth and delivery of the birth, and establishing a reasonable group as soon as possible.
According to Xu Youzun, at present, the row spacing of seedlings is fixed at 33 cm and the spacing between the rows is between 12 and 20 cm. The spacing of hybrid rice rows is 3,314-16 cm and that of conventional rice is 3312 cm. The plant spacing of large panicle type cultivars increased appropriately, and the smaller plant spacing was selected for both panicle and grain type cultivars, and a reasonable population structure was constructed. Due to the increase of line spacing, the middle and lower leaves of the flower population in the post-anthesis group have sufficient illumination, the utilization rate of the group's light energy is increased, the duration of the photosynthetic high value is long, and the ventilation and light transmission are good, which reduces the probability of occurrence of diseases and insect pests and solves the problem of premature senescence and lodging.
Wet irrigation promotes strong stalks
In the use of water resources, farmers can plant in shallow water, protect seedlings with thin water, release water for many times to reduce the adverse effects of straw returning, and moist irrigation promotes early development. When field seedlings are 80% seedlings, they can be field-baked in advance and rehydrated before the jointing stage of rice. From the mid-ear spike differentiation to the heading stage, shallow water layers are maintained in the field (when the booting-heading flowering stage is used for deep water irrigation in case of high temperature, regulating the microclimate in the field). During the grouting period, intermittent wet irrigation is adopted to protect the leaves from premature decay, and the water is cut off from 7 to 10 days before harvest, and is live to maturity.
In the release of fertilizer, farmers can determine the specific amount of fertilizer based on the basic soil fertility and fertilizer utilization. The ratio of N, P and K is approximately 1:0.4:0.8-1. Phosphorus fertilizer is applied as a single basal fertilizer at one time, and potassium fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer and flower fertilization is applied in equal amounts. The principle of nitrogen fertilizer application is to control the amount of basal fertilizer, drastically reduce the amount of tiller fertilizer, shift nitrogen fertilizer, and increase ear fertilizer.
Xu Youzun told reporters that through the comprehensive application of various techniques such as seedling machine insertion, under the condition of 20-22 kilograms of pure nitrogen in Mushi, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization will reach 45-50%, which is much higher than 30 under conventional cultivation conditions. 35%. While improving the efficiency of fertilizer use, the number of fertilizer applications has been reduced, and labor costs have been reduced by 25-30 yuan per mu. At the same time, the application of moist irrigation technology also realizes the efficient coupling of water and fertilizer, reducing the loss of fertilizer and water. Last year, Wuwei County and Baihu Farm Demonstration Area using this technology achieved an average yield of 1010.9 kg and 1020.5 kg per 100 mu of super high-yield farmland. This not only broke the record of 932.4 kg/mu in 100 mu of rice in our province, but also created A new record of high-yield rice cultivation in the country (also a new record for high rice yield in low altitude areas).
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