How can eggplants grow eggplant in the process of growing eggplant? How do eggplants grow? Such a similar question, then the key issue of this article is to teach everyone how to graft the eggplant to seedling, to analyze this place in Meizhou.
1 rootstock selection
Rootstock varieties should be selected for strong affinity, good symbiosis, anti-aubergine wilt, yellow wilt and other root diseases, and have little effect on the quality of the scion fruit. In the current production practice, there are mainly three kinds of rootstocks, such as cigar, thorn and torubam. In the Meizhou area, it is still used in Toru Bam. Torubam has reached a high level of resistance or immunity to four soil-borne diseases such as Verticillium wilt, Fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, and root-knot nematode disease. It has been called "four-resistant" rootstock varieties by domestic and foreign experts. Solanum Bam developed root system, plants are growing strong, there is a small section between the long thorns, stems and leaves. Strong seed dormancy, early seedling growth is slow and, therefore, by Bam rootstock Solanum, require an early sowing than 25 ~ 30d scion seedlings.
2 scion selection
With Torubam as a rootstock, the affinity is strong and the symbiosis is good. Generally, the wound can heal after 7~10 days after grafting. The requirement of the rootstock for the scion is not strict. The high-quality, high-yield, and commodity-oriented varieties of the local agricultural sector can be selected, such as the Nongfeng No.3 purple red eggplant selected by the Vegetable Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Yuefeng purple red eggplant, Dafeng purple long eggplant and Zirong No. 8 eggplant selected by Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
3 sowing seedlings
3.1 Seedbed preparation
The first is to prepare the seedbed nutrient soil. Generally, it is prepared by using decomposed farmyard manure and disease-free soil in accordance with 2..3, and it is necessary to apply it evenly after sieving. The second is to fill the seedbed with water and disinfection. It can be applied to the seedbed with 50% carbendazim mixed with pharmaceutical soil.
Winter and spring cultivation adopts solar greenhouse seedlings, supporting heating, light filling, ventilation, irrigation and other systems; summer and autumn cultivation adopts measures such as cooling, sunshading, rainproof ventilation and irrigation.
3.2 soaking seeds and germination
The rootstock seeds are treated with 100~200mg/kg gibberellin at a low temperature of 0~5°C for about 24h, then washed with water, then the soaked seeds are removed and put into a clean small gauze bag, wrapped with a damp cloth. Into the incubator, the temperature change treatment was repeated at 30 ° C, 8 h and 20 ° C for 16 h. At the same time, rinse once a day with water, usually 5 to 6 days after germination, 7d after sowing. Rootstock germination should be 25d earlier than the scion. Scion seeds are scalded with hot water at 55~60°C for 0.5h. They can also be treated with chemicals. Then soak them in water for 8~10h. Remove them into a clean gauze bag and wrap them in a 30°C environment. It can sprout after 4~5d.
3.3 disinfection sowing
The rootstock is selected from 50 to 72 wells, and the scion is selected from 100 to 128-hole black polystyrene (PS) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) trays, or 1 m wide and 6 m long nursery nurseries. After rootstocks, scions seedbed carbendazim 500 ~ 800 times and sprayed through seedbed irrigated soil, the seed sprouts through the catalyst bed surface evenly spread, covering 0.5 ~ 1cm thick nutritive soil, then Gai Demo moisture. Closed insulation after sowing, try to increase the temperature of the seedbed to promote emergence. After 80% of the seeds are emerged, the mulch is removed and the temperature is lowered.
3.4 emergence management
After emergence, the temperature of the seedbed should be controlled between 25~30°C during the day and 12~16°C during the night. If the night temperature is insufficient, the small arch shed can be insulated. Spray 500-800 times of carbendazim at the seedling stage to prevent catastrophic disease. When the rootstock grows to 1~2 leaves and 1 heart, it is necessary to divide the seedlings in time, and the rootstock seedlings can be planted into the 10cm×10cm nutrient bowl. The scion does not need to be divided into seedlings. When grafting, it is directly excavated from the seedbed.
4 timely grafting
Rootstock seedlings 5 ​​leaves 1 heart, scion seedlings 4 leaves 1 heart, diameter up to 4mm, semi-lignified is the best grafting opportunity. Front seedling rootstock grafted to dry slightly in the state where the cutout thick juice, facilitate grafted seedlings survived. Watering after grafting helps the flow of juice between the rootstock and the scion, allowing the grafted wound to heal faster.
It is best to choose a grafting place in a greenhouse or greenhouse to avoid sand, rain or direct sunlight. The blade used for grafting should be sharp, and each plant should be replaced with 150 strains. At the same time, the operator's hands and grafting tools should be disinfected to avoid cross-infection of the bacteria. You can use alcohol or potassium permanganate solution for multiple disinfection. Note that after disinfection, wait until the hands and blades are dry before touching the incision, otherwise it will affect the wound healing.
5 grafting method
5.1 connection method
The splicing method is the most commonly used grafting method. When grafted, the thickness of the stem is selected from the stock and scion similar pairs, true leaves 2 in the upper portion of a blade stock with removed upper transverse, then longitudinal stem cross-section in the middle of 1.0 ~ 1.2cm depth of the notch, taking scion seedlings reserved 2-3 true leaves, to remove the lower transverse, then carefully shaved wedge bevel cut on the rootstock considerable length, then the scion is inserted into the incision in the stock, aligning and clipped with the clip, into the setting up of the ground can be small shed.
5.2 Attachment method
First true leaves removed upper rootstock Reserved 2, and then shaved 30 ° bevel, chamfer length 1 ~ 1.2cm, taking scion retain 2-3 true leaves, to remove the lower transverse, shaved same size and rootstock ramp, The two are aligned, pressed tightly, clamped with clips, and placed on the small arched shed.
6 Graft Management
6.1 High temperature and high humidity, promote healing
3d eggplant critical period before grafting is the interface healing, light, temperature and humidity demanding, in the management of pay special attention. In the first 3 days after grafting, the temperature in the small arch shed is maintained at 25~28°C during the day and 20~22°C at night, and the relative humidity of the air is over 95% (that is, the inner surface of the small arch shed is evenly covered with water drops), the small arch shed is completely closed and the grass is closed. Shade the curtains and avoid the sun. At the same time, do not spray water on the seedlings to prevent the interface from being misplaced and watery.
6.2 Proper ventilation to ensure survival
Ventilation is a vital part of eggplant grafting, so pay special attention to proper ventilation. From the 4th day, gradually see the light ventilation: in the morning, open the 5cm small slit at the top of the small arch shed to ventilate the air, close before noon, and gradually increase the ventilation time every day, increase the ventilation joint; after the 8th, open the top of the small arch shed in the morning 20cm, closed at night. The film used for the seedbed is preferably butted to the left and right to facilitate the release of air from the top of the seedbed.
6.3 sprinkler irrigation to prevent wilting
The first 4d, should be grafted in the morning, evening after grafting see low light, put straws shade before wilting occurs, until the small shed on 10d after grafting open ventilation. At this time, the humidity decreases rapidly shed, when the relative humidity less than 75%, it is necessary to increase humidity inside the shed, can be sprayed with water at approximately 10:00 am. In the case of shading, if the scion still appears wilting, the endometrial surface and the scion surface can be sprayed. On the 8th day, use a small water to flood the grafted seedbed until the water penetrates the nutrient. After watering, it is necessary to delay closing the small arch shed, and the relative humidity is controlled at about 75%.
6.4 Timely transplanting seedlings, supplementing nutrients
10d removed after grafting of a small shed, noon sunshade shade network, reducing the temperature, temperature controlled at day 22 ~ 26 ℃, night temperature 12 ~ 15 ℃, the relative humidity decreased to 75% or less, nutritional bowl kept moist. After 12 d, hierarchical management of grafted seedlings, yellow leaves, remove diseased leaves on sunny selected from the grafted rootstock and scion new collateral germination, seedlings separating weak and strong seedlings placed, the distance between the bowl when placed 3cm, to Expand the lighted area of ​​grafted seedlings. After the seedbed is full, the floodwater will flood the seedbed, and the water will reach 1/2 of the height of the nutrient. After the nutrition, the topsoil is whitened and watered until 10 days before planting. After grade management, watering with 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Plex 600 times mixture for 1~2 times to prevent yellowing and lesions of the scion leaves.
6.5 Timely out, reasonable colonization
Generally, it can be planted and planted 20~30d after grafting. Finished seedling standard: It has 5~6 pieces of unfolded true leaves, dark green leaves, thick, no disease spots and no insects. The plant height is 15~18cm, the stem is thicker than 3mm, the internode is short, the plant is erect and the stem is semi-lignified. Before the planting of the eggplant grafted seedlings, the soil should be deeply ploughed to a depth of 20 cm, which should be combined with fertilization.
Since 2010, Meizhou Li's agricultural testing ground has summarized a set of mature Meizhou eggplant grafting technology based on the characteristics of Meizhou's climate and the growth characteristics of eggplant. It lasted for more than 7 years and accumulated more than 3 million grafted eggplant grafts. , Promote planting area of ​​more than 400hm, and achieve significant social and economic benefits. The above is a summary of the key technologies of Meizhou eggplant grafting seedlings brought to you by Huinong.com, and the needy farmers can refer to their actual situation!
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