Hantai Silver Spring Organic Fertilizer Production Process and Homemade Method
First, organic fertilizer production process
1. Process flow The entire process flow can be simply divided into three processes: pre-treatment, one-time fermentation and post-treatment.
(1) Pre-treatment: After the compost material is transported to the yard and weighed by the weighing scale, it is sent to the mixing and agitating device. The organic waste water cannot be produced and domestically mixed in the factory, and fresh water must be used. Then add the organic bio-fermentation compound bacteria (1-2kg per ton of raw materials), and coarsely adjust the organic fertilizer moisture by 60%-65% according to the raw material composition (chicken manure: cassava residue or mushroom residue: straw = 6:2:2) , Carbon to nitrogen ratio is 20-30, after mixing into the next process. The brown sugar must first be dissolved in the ingredients, and then added to the organic fertilizer to fully mix the fermented bacteria, and then evenly spilled on the raw materials, and stir thoroughly with a mixer.
Note: Compost raw materials should be treated several hours in advance and soaked with water. The water used to dilute the biofermentation bacteria should be considered as drinking water without disinfectant (such as bleaching powder, etc.).
(2) First-time fermentation: The mixed raw materials are sent to the primary fermentation plant by a loader, and piled into a fermentation heap. At the same time, the mixture is thawed two days or so, and the water and nutrients are added to control the fermentation temperature at 50° C. to 65° C. ( Hot hands are used to perform aerobic fermentation. The primary fermentation cycle of the project is 8 days. A pool of raw materials is poured into a pool of semi-finished products every day. After the semi-finished products are ready for fermentation, they are ready for the next process.
(3) Post-treatment: The compost finished product shall be further sieved, and the screened material shall be treated separately according to the level of moisture content. The sieved material is granulated, sent to a dryer, dried, and various additives are added in proportion and mixed after stirring to make a finished product, which is packaged and put into storage for sale. The sieved material is returned to the crushing process for reuse.
In summary, the entire process includes the physical dehydration of fresh crop straws → dry raw material crushing → sub-sieving → mixing (mixing of crop straws containing fresh livestock and poultry excreta in proportion) → heap rot fermentation → temperature change observation → Blast, turning → moisture control → separation → finished product → packaging → storage.
2. Compost implementation stage (1) Mixing of raw materials: The main material is livestock and poultry manure, smash the ingredients (straw, waste tobacco, plant processing waste, etc.), add organic bio-fertilizer, and may add some phosphate rock powder, Potassium ore powder and phosphate rock powder are used to purchase medium-grade phosphate rock (full-phosphorous content >18%). The amount of phosphate rock to be added to organic fertilizer raw materials needs to consider the pH of the raw materials, and more phosphorus rock powder may be added to weakly acidic raw materials. Natural and slightly alkaline raw materials are added with less natural potassium magnesium fertilizer, etc., to adjust the nutrient and carbon-nitrogen ratio, carbon-phosphorus ratio, and pH value of the materials. After processing, the moisture content of raw materials is controlled at 60%-65% and the C/N ratio is 20-30. The production of bio-organic fertilizer requires the addition of beneficial bacteria and functional microbial agents. It needs to be added when the material temperature is less than 40 degrees after the high-temperature period of fermentation. The paddle-type turning and turning machine can control the material in the tank to facilitate the operation and make full use of the equipment. Mixing function, fermentation stirring function and stirring and drying function make the production process simple. The process is designed as: batch mixing, fermentation, aging (decaying), drying integrated workshop, reducing the multiple handling of materials.
Note: In the raw material composition before composting, the carbon-nitrogen ratio and moisture of the raw materials are mainly considered, followed by the particle size and pH: the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is reasonable: 20:1 to 40:1, and the optimal range is 25:1. 30:1; Moisture content reasonable range: 40% -65%, optimal range: 50% -60%; particle size reasonable range: 0.32cm-1.27cm, depending on the material, heap and weather; pH value is reasonable Range: 5.5-9.0, optimal range: 6.5-8.0.
(2) Fermentation: Fermentation of organic fertilizer raw materials adopts aerobic fermentation technology, adopts paddle type turning and throwing machine, paddle (rotary gear type, positive and negative rotation) to cut the turning material, and can turn the organic material backward when turning. , Move about 2.2 meters backward every time; Turning machine has a stirring function can be used as a blender, ingredients can be stratified layered material into the fermentation zone (or fermentation period), which can greatly save raw materials Mixing equipment investment and material handling transportation and pre-stirring workload, mixing broiler manure, cassava residue and 0.15% organic material decomposing agent as far as possible, stacking 60-80 cm high bars, turning every 2-3 days. Once the machine is turned over, the temperature is controlled below 70°C during fermentation, and the odorless effect is generally achieved in about 20 days, ie, the fermentation is complete.
Note: In the composting process, the temperature changes are mainly controlled. The complete composting process consists of four stages: low temperature, medium temperature, high temperature and cooling. The compost temperature is generally maintained at 50-60°C and the highest temperature is 70-80°C. The gradual increase of the temperature of the compost from the low to the high is a harmless process of composting (compost temperature is maintained at 45°C-65°C for 10 days, and pathogens, eggs and grass seeds can all be killed). When the compost temperature rises above 60°C, it starts to turn for 48 hours, but when the compost temperature rises above 70°C, it must be turned immediately. Turn over the heap thoroughly and thoroughly. Try to pour the bottom material to the middle and upper part as much as possible so as to fully decompose. The frequency of turning depends on the maturity of organic fertilizer; the pH is controlled well in the compost; in the early stages of composting, organic acids are generated due to the decomposition of organic matter. pH decline. At this time, if the acidity is too large (pH<5.3), lime or ash can be added to neutralize the acidity in accordance with 2%-3% of the weight of the raw material to destroy the waxy organic material surface to accelerate the fermentation; during the late stage of composting, due to the accumulation of ammonia, pH Will gradually increase, when the pH> 8.5, you can add fresh green manure, grass, etc., to decompose and regenerate organic acids, lower pH.
(3) Air-drying and flour sieving: The fermented raw materials are transported to outdoor drying yards, naturally dried to ensure that the water content reaches 20% or less, that is, the air-drying ends, the air-dried raw materials are crushed by a pulverizer and then passed through a sieve. The mesh is sieved to remove impurities.
Precautions: It is recommended to properly perform secondary fermentation in the post-processing of compost (before air drying), especially for raw materials with a large proportion of livestock and poultry manure in one fermentation, so as to avoid the rapid propagation of secondary fertilizer in the finished product fertilizer applied to the soil. The roots of microorganisms and vegetables compete for oxygen and produce root-burning seedlings.
(4) Inspection and packaging: The organic raw materials that have been crushed and sieved are directly quantified and packaged after being inspected (send to the external inspection) after passing the inspection, namely powdered organic fertilizer. Through granulation, it is a granular finished organic fertilizer.
Note: Before sent to the external inspection, first judge whether the color and odor of the finished fertilizer are completely cooked. Completely decomposed organic product fertilizer can be applied for external inspection. The unfinished finished fertilizer needs post-treatment (or secondary fermentation). The finished product fertilizer that has passed the inspection can be directly bagged or granulated and then bagged. The finished product fertilizer whose nutrient content is not up to standard in the external inspection results needs to be returned to the composting plant, and the high nutrient content raw materials are added again for composting and fermentation.
Second, self-made farm biological organic fertilizer
1. There are procedures for composting. First, raw straw (which can also be used for weeds, leaves, garbage, etc. containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) is chopped into 6-7 centimeters long, 500 kilograms of stalks, and horse urine Mix 300 kg (or pig manure) and 100 kg human urine and mix them into a rectangular pile that is 1.7 to 2 meters high, 5 to 6.7 meters wide, and finally pours 700 to 800 kilograms of water. The surface of the compost is covered with a layer of 3-6 cm thick fine soil to keep warm, keep water, and keep fertilizer. After about 1 week, the temperature of the reactor will rise to about 60-70°C (a relatively long time in winter). After 10 days, it will be able to be piled up once and then be replenished with water. After another 10 days, the temperature of the reactor will increase for the second time. The second turn, and then add water.
The sign of compost maturity is that compost materials (such as straw) are nearly black, rotten, and smelly. At this time, the compost can be compacted and tightly sealed with soil to keep the nutrients in reserve.
2. Key Steps During the production of pollution-free vegetables, experts recommend the use of high-quality organic fertilizers such as compost. When composting, in order to make the compost comply with the national health standards, the key step is to increase the temperature of the compost. The temperature must be raised to 60-70 °C, and maintained at this temperature for 6-7 days, so as to achieve the effect of good fertilizer, pests can also be killed. A Thermometer can be used to measure the temperature, and it can be maintained for 10 days after 60 degrees.
3. Method of use Compost is generally used as a base fertilizer, combined with the use of the ground, and fully mixed with the soil. Compost is suitable for a variety of soils and crops. Generally sandy soils can use semi-mature compost, and viscous soils must use completely decomposed compost. The application of compost can increase soil fertility and supplement a large number of microbial communities in the soil, and it can bring long-lasting and stable nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic-type fertilizers such as calcium, magnesium and sulphur to the crops, which is conducive to the growth of crops. At present, the development of "pollution-free agricultural products," "green agricultural products," "organic agricultural products," and the increase of land fertility, multiple cropping index, and the promotion of the use of organic fertilizer such as compost are a must.
Source: Chinese and Thai Silver Spring Author: Liuqi Peng Chen Zhongpeng
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