Conventional millet cultivation mainly requires a lot of heavy physical labor in the three stages of seedling, weeding and threshing, which is the main problem that restricts the development of millet industry. The technology to be explained below takes the control of seedlings, chemical weeding and mechanical threshing as the core content, and basically realizes the light and simple cultivation of millet.
First, choose the land, choose the mouth
Planting millet should choose a land with high dryness, ventilation and good drainage. Millet has poor soil requirements and can grow on almost all soils. However, the soil with rich and fertile loam has high yield and good quality.
The glutinous rice is not too heavy, but it is also sensitive to the sputum. Therefore, it is very important to rotate the crops. It takes more than two years to plant again. The glutinous rice is not only serious, but also the white-borne and smut diseases of the soil. Suitable pre-productions are: soybean meal, potato, sweet potato, wheat, corn and sorghum.
Second, the variety selection
At present, the high-quality and high-yielding millet varieties are: Changnong 35, Changnong 0302, Jingu 21, Jingu 35, Jingu 40, Jingu 45, Chaofen 13, Shibuya 19, Zhangzagu 5, Zhangza Valley 10, Longgu 25 and Longgu 31.
It is best to replace the grain species once a year in different places. It is an important measure to overcome the degradation of the millet and rejuvenate and increase the yield.
Third, fine land preparation
In the autumn before harvesting, the arable land should be destroyed early, and the depth of ploughing should be 20-25 cm. In autumn and winter or in the early spring of the next year, when the top is chilling (alternating between freezing and thawing), the soil will be compacted and smoothed to reach the state to be broadcast.
The base fertilizer is mainly based on farmyard manure, and less fertilizer is applied. Farm manure is best for sheep manure and chicken manure, followed by pig manure, and the application rate per hectare should be more than 15 tons.
Fourth, select seeds
1. Ordinary farmers
The first step is to use sputum and other air selection; the second step is to select the salt water, and prepare according to the weight ratio of water:salt=10:1, pour the appropriate amount of cereal to stir, and use the hedge to float the thin granules floating on the top. Net, and finally dry the full grain of the sinking bottom to be treated.
2. Large base
Generally, it is cleaned by using a grain sorting machine. Before planting, it is selected to be sun-dried for 2 to 3 days before being treated.
Fifth, seed treatment
1.MND drug treatment grain
According to the local production requirements, the MND agent is used to prepare a suitable ratio of chemical control seedlings.
2. Chemical dressing
1 white onset.
Seed dressing was carried out at 0.2% by weight of the seeds with 35% metalaxyl seed dressing.
2 smut.
The seed dressing was carried out by using a 40% Fu·mixable wettable powder at 0.2% to 0.3% by weight of the seed.
3 other.
In the area where white onset and smut are mixed, 35% of metalaxyl and 40% of Fujiao mix can be mixed in a ratio of 1:2 or 2:1, and seed dressing is carried out at 0.3% by weight of the seed.
Conditional can be coated with a seed coating.
Six, seeding technology
1. Determination of the sowing date
When the ground temperature of the seeding layer is stable above 10 °C, seeding is started, and the seeding is timely or 3 to 5 days later than the normal sowing date.
2. Under the species
This is essential for preserving seedlings, seedlings, and strong seedlings.
3. Determination of density
The principle of determining the density is: the soil fertility is low, the water and fertilizer is not suitable under conditions, and vice versa; the late maturity, high stalk, and large ear varieties should be thin, and vice versa; the stalks are “pressed†(ie, sagging) varieties, leaves The drape and the loose plant type should be thin, and vice versa.
4. Seeding depth
It is advisable to use 3 to 5 cm after suppression.
5. Post-mortem suppression
It is best to use the Markov crushing wheel to suppress it once or use other repressing equipment to suppress it 1 or 2 times.
6. Fertilizer application rate
According to the measurement, for every 100 kg of grain produced, it is necessary to absorb 2 to 4.75 kg of nitrogen, 0.5 to 2.8 kg of phosphorus, and 2 to 5.7 kg of potassium from the soil. The ratio of the three elements is generally 1.67:1:1.33, and the soil test formula can be used according to this. Fertilize. The recommended amount of fertilizer is as follows:
1 base fertilizer.
Conventional species use 250 yuan of ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) per hectare, and hybrids should be appropriately added.
2 kinds of fertilizer.
35 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare.
Seven, chemical weeding
Each hectare was sprayed with 44% monosulfa-containing wettable powder 2.1 kg, water 750 kg, and sprayed before emergence.
Eight, field management
1. Seedling stage (emergence to the beginning of jointing)
The growth center at the seedling stage is the root system. The main direction of field management is to control the growth of the shoots and promote root development.
1 seedling.
If the local density is slightly higher, it is necessary to carry out the seedlings in the 4-5 leaf stage.
2 The first cultivator.
Use a plow or a deep shovel before or after the seedling to carry out simmering or deep loosening.
3 seedlings.
The premise of the seedlings is high soil fertility, sufficient water and fertilizer, and strong seedling growth, otherwise no seedlings are needed. The specific method is as follows:
a. Pressed. In the 3 leaf 1 heart period, the seedlings are pressed with scorpion for 1 or 2 times, and the weight of the scorpion is mastered. Some of the leaves are injured, and the growth can be resumed after 3-4 days. The pressing should be carried out in the sunny afternoon. Pressing can close the rhizosphere soil, prevent the roots from escaping from the wind, and be killed by the wind; control the growth of the aboveground part, forcing the stem base to become thicker, promoting the accelerated development of the root system and preventing the late lodging.
b. Control water. From the beginning of the emergence of the seedlings, it was controlled until the noon leaves were rolled, and it was still able to resume normal standing until around 4 pm. If the blade does not return to normal standing after 4 pm, it should be watered in time. () Water control can promote the deep roots of the roots and promote the shortening and stout of the base.
c. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spray at the jointing stage.
4 moisture management.
Millet is very drought-tolerant at the seedling stage and can endure a temporary severe drought. Watering is generally not required unless it is particularly dry.
5 pest control.
Disease: It is mainly white onset, and the gray-backed disease plant is removed at any time and taken to the field for deep burial or burning.
Insect pests: mainly including millet flies, millet ash, millet stalks, millet scallops, etc., can be sprayed with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000 times or 10% imidacloprid WP 1000 times, millet scallops A heavier one should be prevented early in the morning after the seedling.
Pesticides should be sprayed after 4 pm or on cloudy days.
2. Spike period (starting jointing to heading and flowering)
This period is the stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth: from the aspect of vegetative growth, it is the most vigorous growth period of roots, stems and leaves in the millennium, and is the second root growth period; from the aspect of reproductive growth, it is the size of the ear. The number of flowers is determined. The earing stage is the most critical period of field management. The main direction is to promote the roots, strengthen the stalks, and attack the big ears.
1 clear ridge.
Before the second cultivating, weeds the weeds, pests and weak plants in the seedlings to be completely removed, so that the seedlings are refreshed.
2 topdressing.
Topdressing period: If you only chase the fat once, the topdressing period should be later than the jointing fertilizer, earlier than the booting fertilizer, the best time is 15 to 20 days before heading; the best is divided into two top dressing, the first time in the beginning of the jointing Sitting on the tire fat, the second time in the booting period to catch up with the grain fertilizer, but the second top dressing must be applied 10 days before heading, to avoid greedy and late maturity.
The amount of topdressing: one-time topdressing, 150 kg of urea per hectare. For top-line topdressing, if it is a dry land, a shorter frost-free area or a early-maturing variety, the first time to apply urea 150 kg per hectare at the beginning of jointing, and the second time to apply 50 kg of urea per hectare at the booting stage; Or soybean meal, the first time in the beginning of jointing stage, 75 kg of urea per hectare, the second time in the booting stage, 125 kg of urea per hectare. Pour a small amount of water after topdressing.
3 cultivating.
The second cultivating: at the beginning of jointing and topdressing at the same time, it is necessary to deepen and smash into open ridges (that is, when squatting, the soil on both sides of the mulch on the ridges does not touch together, leaving a distance, the seedlings The belt is left out. When the second cultivator is used, the seedlings are not very large, so that it will not make the soil pressure on the ridges. The squat can pull off part of the old root, control the length of the base of the stem on the ground, promote the growth of new roots, and enhance the effect of drought resistance and lodging resistance in the later stage.
The third cultivating: in combination with topdressing at the booting stage, it is necessary to shallow the high-cultivation soil to prevent excessive root damage, and to soil the soil to the base of the stem of the seedling. High cultivating soil can promote the roots and stimulate the roots of the roots to stimulate the rooting of the roots, enhance the support of the soil and roots on the plants, and prevent the lodging.
4 moisture management.
From jointing to heading, it is the period of maximum water consumption in the millennium. It is also the first critical period of water demand in the millet (ie, the water-sensitive period). After the jointing of millet, the drought tolerance is gradually weakened, the water demand is gradually increased, and the flowering period is reached. The peak of water (especially the 8-10 days before heading is most sensitive to water shortage), from the beginning of jointing, the soil moisture should be 60%-80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field, and the soil moisture in the early stage from the booting stage to the filling stage is kept in the field. The water holding capacity is 85% to 90%, and it is strictly prevented from "fighting in the tires" and "card neck drought".
Watering at jointing stage should master the principle of “Spring Valley should be late, early broadcast should be late, and late broadcast should be earlyâ€.
5 pest control.
Gluten: Before heading, spray with 40% of fossil emulsifiable concentrate 500-800 times or 6% of serotonin WP 1000 times.
White onset: Remove the gray back or white tip disease strain early and bring it to the field for deep burial or burning.
Mildfly: Sprayed with 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC 2000 times.
Corn glutinous rice: usability lure, black light, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp trapping or biological control with Trichogramma, chemical control should be 2.5% deltamethrin EC and 40 before adult ovulation to the first-instar larvae % Lego emulsifiable concentrate is sprayed 1000 times.
Aphids, red spiders: sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times.
Each time you fight the medicine, add 3,500 times of water quality optimizer - soft water pass before the preparation of the medicine, the effect is better.
3. Flowering stage (heading to maturity)
This period is the critical period for determining the number of grains and the weight of the grains. The main direction of field management is to prevent drought and sputum, to maximize the vitality of the roots, try to keep the green leaves of the branches (especially the top functional leaves), and finally create a golden leaf, a large spike of grain spikes, and a full-bodied grain of grain.
10 to 12 days after grouting is a critical period for determining yield, and it is very important to strengthen water and fertilizer management.
1 moisture management.
After the grouting, the stress resistance of the millet is significantly weakened. It is neither drought-resistant nor resistant to sorghum. The grain filling period is the second critical period of water demand, but the water demand is gradually reduced. After the milk ripening period, the soil moisture should be reduced to and maintained in the field. The maximum water holding capacity is 50% to 60%, so the grouting water should be lightly poured and poured, the amount of water should be small, and the number of times should be more. Watering should be carried out in the morning and evening, avoid watering during high temperature period to prevent injury, and do not pour in the wind to prevent lodging. Anti-mite is another important part of the management of Gutian.
2 external top dressing.
Spray 0.2% boric acid solution 1 week before the heading, and spray again once every 7 days; spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution after heading, flowering and filling. Each time you use 750 liters per hectare.
3 pest control.
Gluten glutinous disease: mainly ear mites, sprayed with 40% of 40% enemies of phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate 500-800 times or 6% of lycopene WP 1500 times.
White onset, smut: early removal of the diseased plant, brought to the field to be buried or burned.
Double-spotted scorpionfish: It is sprayed with 2000% fenvalerate EC at 2000 times during the adult period.
4 bird damage.
Mainly sparrows, generally take repellent measures.
Nine, harvest
1. Determination of the harvest period
It is usually harvested at the end of waxing or at the beginning of ripening. At this time, the lower leaves of the plant have turned yellow, and only the upper leaves are slightly green or yellow-green. The stems gradually turn yellow but the toughness is better. The color of the seeds is the inherent color of the variety, and 95% of the grains turn into a hard shape. And all the yellowing. However, in some areas, due to better climatic conditions and cultivation management, or due to varietal characteristics, the plants remain green after maturity, and should be harvested in this case.
2. Harvest method
1 ordinary farmers.
Usually, it is manually cut down, and then every 2 to 3 square meters of grain under harvest is piled into a pile, allowing it to dry naturally in the field. It needs to be turned over several times to accelerate drying and prevent mold. After drying, they are bundled into bundles and mechanically threshed at the ground or transported into the yard. There are two methods for mechanical threshing with stalk threshing and ear cutting and threshing.
2 large bases.
Harvesting can be carried out using a combine harvester.
About Millet Light Simplified Cultivation Technology Today, this is the case. Millet originated in China. With the continuous cultivation of new varieties and the continuous research of modern cultivation techniques, especially the breeding and application of a generation of hybrids, the output will be further improved.
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