Classification of laboratory centrifuges and rotors

one. Centrifuge classification:

There are three international classification methods for centrifuges: by purpose, by speed and by structure.

Classified by use: divided into industrial centrifuges and medical centrifuges.

Industrial Centrifuge: A centrifuge that only separates and concentrates and purifies the sample.

Medical centrifuge: laboratory body fluid pretreatment analysis instrument.

Classified by speed: divided into low speed centrifuge, high speed centrifuge, ultracentrifuge.

Low speed centrifuge: The speed is within 6000 rpm or the relative centrifugal force is within 6000 × g.

High-speed centrifuge: The speed is within 7000∽12000rpm or the relative centrifugal force is within 10000∽30000×g.

Ultracentrifuge: The rotation speed is above 15000 rpm or the relative centrifugal force is above 40,000 × g.

Classified by structure:

Generally, high-speed and low-speed centrifuges are classified according to structure and function, and can be classified into desktop centrifuges, mini centrifuges, high-speed refrigerated centrifuges,

Benchtop high-speed centrifuges, benchtop low-speed centrifuges, low-speed refrigerated centrifuges, small benchtop centrifuges, palmtop centrifuges, laboratory centrifuges, etc.

The low-speed centrifuge has a capacity of several tens of milliliters to several liters. The separation form is solid-liquid sedimentation separation. The rotor has angular and external pendulum type. The rotation speed cannot be strictly controlled. Usually, it does not have a refrigeration system. It is operated at room temperature for collection. Large particulate matter that settles, such as red blood cells, yeast cells, and the like. The centrifuge is driven by an AC commutator motor. The carbon brush of the motor is easy to wear. The speed is regulated by a voltage regulator. The starting current is large and the speed is not uniform. The general rotor is placed on a hard steel shaft. It is extremely important to accurately balance the tube and contents, otherwise the centrifuge will be damaged.

High-speed refrigerated centrifuge: the maximum speed is 20,000 ~ 25000 rpm (r / min), the maximum relative centrifugal force is 8900 × g, the maximum capacity can reach 3 liters, the separation form is also solid-liquid sedimentation separation, the rotor is equipped with various angle rotors , slewing rotor, zone rotor, vertical rotor and large-capacity continuous flow rotor, generally have a refrigeration system to eliminate the heat generated by the friction between the high-speed rotary rotor and the air, the temperature of the centrifuge chamber can be Adjusted and maintained at 0 ~ 40C, the speed, temperature and time can be strictly and accurately controlled, and there are pointers or digital display, usually used for the separation of microbial cells, cell debris, large organelles, ammonium sulfate precipitation and immunoprecipitates. Purification works, but does not effectively settle viruses, small organelles (such as ribosomes) or individual molecules.

two. Rotor classification application and characteristics

The rotor is the core component of the centrifuge for separating the sample. The rotor specifications and the variety are important indicators for measuring the mastery of the centrifuge production technology. The rotor can be divided into several categories. For example, the laboratory centrifuge rotor is mainly divided into horizontal rotor, angular rotor, zone rotor, vertical rotor and continuous flow rotor. First, the horizontal rotor: 1, should be large capacity separation. 2. It is not suitable for high speed separation. Second, the angle rotor: 1, should be separated at high speed. 2, should not be separated by large capacity. Third, the zone with the rotor: 1, should be separated at high speed. 2, should be large capacity separation. 3. Gradient media is easy to recycle. Fourth, the vertical rotor: 1, the particle settling distance is short, the centrifugation time is short. 2, should not be separated by large capacity. Five, continuous flow rotor: 1, continuous centrifugation. 2, should be large capacity separation.

Fixed-angle rotor (Eixed-Angle-Rotor):

It is mainly used to separate particle samples with significant differences in sedimentation speed. The distance in which the particles move in the fan shape is very short, and the particles hitting the outer wall slide along the tube wall to the bottom of the tube to form a precipitate, so that the rotor can collect the precipitate quickly. During the separation process, due to the action of the tube wall, strong convection will be caused in the centrifuge tube, which will have an adverse effect on particles having the same sedimentation rate.

Horizontal rotor (Siwing-Bucket-Rotor):

Mainly used for sample density gradient centrifugation. The moving distance of the particles is long, and the position of the components in the solution relative to the wall of the tube does not change during the centrifugation and after centrifugation, so the centrifugal effect is good, but the particles are scattered radially from the rotation in the centrifugal field. Instead of sinking in parallel with each other. The particles hit the outer wall and slide along the tube wall to the bottom of the tube, thus also causing convection. (but smaller than the fixed angle rotor) When starting or stopping at low speed, vibration will occur, which will affect the separation effect. The flattening rotor has two types: open type and closed type. Generally, the preparation capacity is large, the rotation speed is less than 10000 RPM, and the centrifugal force field is less than 16000 xg. Made in an open type, mainly used for the initial separation of samples. The preparation capacity is smaller than the former, the rotation speed is greater than 10000 RPM, and the centrifugal force field is above 16000×g. In order to reduce the influence of wind force, it is generally closed, mainly used for separation and density gradient centrifugation of mitochondria, chloroplast, and nucleus.

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