June-July is a season of high temperature and rain in southern China. In many places, there may be heavy rain or heavy rain. For early rice planting, it is easy to cause flood disasters. Therefore, farmers must take reasonable measures according to the degree of flooding and growth of early rice. The remedy.
I. Characteristics of flooded early rice
Early rice has different tolerance to ticks in different growth stages, and the symptoms after sputum are also different, and the degree of loss is light and heavy. At the seedling stage and tillering stage, the thin seedlings are often caused by the mites, and the leaves at the base are yellowish brown. After the water is retreated, the scorpion leaves appear, but generally the growth can be resumed. Early rice is often affected by internode elongation at the jointing stage. After dewatering, the rice internodes are shorter than normal, and the plants appear dwarfed, thin and curved, and rotten leaves and black roots increase. The early rice was affected by the larvae at the booting stage, and the emptying rate increased, and the maturity period was postponed; the germination of the spikelets and branches was degraded, resulting in the death of young ears, the emergence of white spikes, and severely reduced yield. In the mature stage of grouting milk, most of the leaves are withered, the grain becomes black, some grains germinate, and the 1000-grain weight decreases, which has a great influence on the yield. The impact of flooding, first, the root system is seriously damaged. The number of black roots and yellow roots in flooded rice increased. It was observed that conventional indica and japonica rice were inundated for 4 days, hybrid rice was inundated for 6 days, and the ratio of black root and yellow root reached 100%; rice was inundated for 10 to 14 days, only The proportion of black roots reached 90%, and some roots died. The second is that the leaves, tillers, main stems and tillers are successively dead. The first to die of the rice is the leaves submerged in the water. The affected heart leaves will also die. Later, the tillers, main stems and tillers will die successively, causing defects and the total number of seedlings will be seriously reduced. The third is the increase in high-level points. The surviving rice plants grow till the heart leaves, and some even grow tillers on the elongated stem nodes. Fourth, the growth period is postponed and the heading period is lengthened. After the rice is flooded, the growth period is postponed. The more the flooded days, the more obvious the growth period is delayed. Generally, the fields that are flooded for 3 to 5 days and nights are delayed, and the heading and maturity periods are postponed for 1 to 2 days. The flooding is 7 days and nights, the heading period and The maturity period is delayed by 2 to 3 days, and severely can be more than 5 days. The fifth is the decline in production. Due to the insufficient number of rice fields in the paddy field, the tillering position was higher after the disaster, the ear shape became smaller, the 1000-grain weight decreased, the yield decreased, and the loss was severely over 80%.
Second, remedial measures
The main measures are: 1 quickly remove stagnant water. Immediately after the occurrence of floods, organize forces to grab the platoons, so that the early rice seedlings are exposed to the water as soon as possible, and the flooding time is minimized. In the process of drainage, the shore should be drained first, and the lower row should be low. The rainwater can be drained once in a rainy day. If there are few leaves in the field, the seedlings grow robustly, and there are more floating mud in the field, which can be combined with drainage fields to prevent the seedlings from falling. If there is a large sun weather when draining, the drainage speed should be slowed down when the temperature is high. The shallow water layer should be properly reserved in the field. If it is drained once, it will easily cause the dead seedlings and cause more damage.
2 Clear the sand in time. After the early rice is transplanted, the stems and leaves are often covered with sediment, causing the leaves or lodging. In order to restore the growth of the seedlings as soon as possible, the organization should take the initiative to pick up the accumulated sediment in the field and remove the floating objects to reduce the degree of crushing of the seedlings. At the same time, the bamboo rafts are swept back and forth to sweep the sediment on the leaves. When the water is removed from the tip of the shoot, rinse the seedlings with water. After the water is returned, the seedlings are cut and the rotten leaves and yellow leaves are removed.
3 timely ditch to control water. After the stagnant water in the paddy field is retreated, the water in the field is still saturated. Drainage should be ditched, so that the water in the field will seep into the ditch, and the water content in the field will be reduced as soon as possible, so that the floating mud formed by flooding will gradually sink to promote the new The growth of the roots. Adhere to the dry and wet irrigation method, not only to ensure the water needs of rice plants, but also to ensure soil ventilation, promote the number of roots in the upper node and the vitality. If you encounter low temperature during the heading period, you should take deep water, and grout the fruit in the late stage, pay attention to avoid premature water loss.
4 Add quick-acting fertilizer. During the flooding of early rice, the vegetative organs of rice plants are damaged to varying degrees. After effluent, roots, leaves and alfalfa return to growth, which requires a lot of mineral nutrition. In addition, the loss of fertilizer in the original paddy fields is more. At this time, root topdressing and foliar should be taken. The combination of topdressing and fatning, followed by quick-acting fertilizer. The topdressing should be fast, the dosage should be sufficient, and the rice plant should be promoted to resume growth as soon as possible. After the drainage, each mu (1 mu = 667 square meters, the same below), the early rice fields are mixed with 5, 6 kg of urea and potassium chloride. It is also possible to use a concentration of 0. 50 kg of 3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed 1 to 2 times to meet the nutrient requirements of the rice plant, improve the photosynthesis function of the leaves, and promote the growth of the seedlings as soon as possible.
5 Strengthen the prevention and control of diseased insects in flooded early rice. . After the early rice is flooded, the plant's disease resistance is reduced, and the microclimate environment with high temperature and high humidity is easy to form in the field, which is conducive to the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases, and is most likely to cause bacterial diseases such as bacterial brown streak and bacterial blight. And popular, therefore, we must adhere to the rational use of fertilizer, irrigation, and strive to drain irrigation and separation, to prevent cross-irrigation in the early rice fields, to achieve shallow water irrigation. Control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the disease resistance of plants. For old ward and floodplain with bacterial blight and bacterial brown streak, it is necessary to carry out chemical control in a timely manner. For the diseased hills, 20% leaf green double wettable powder can be used per mu, 100 to 150 grams, 50 kg water, or 97% strong chlorine wettable powder per acre, 100 grams, 5 0 kg for spray control. When spraying, it is required to be uniform and comprehensive, and spray the required liquid to control the spread of bacterial diseases in time. In addition, the leaves and pupa born after the restoration of the flooded early paddy fields are relatively green, and are vulnerable to the damage of rice leaf roller, especially after the early rice is flooded and restored, the leaves are green and the growth period is often delayed, the most likely to encounter the first The violent damage of the second generation rice leaf roller, causing a large number of white leaves, has a great impact on the early rice production. It is necessary to focus on the prevention and control of the second generation rice leaf roller, and the effective agents available are avermectin and methyl arsenic. Vermicillin benzoate, tetrachlorfenamide, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb and the like. In addition, due to the delay of growth and development, the opportunities for infestation of rice planthoppers and rice mites have increased, so it is necessary to grasp the pest situation in time to prevent and control. In the late growth stage of flooded early rice, if there are many rainy days, it should pay close attention to rice cancer, especially the occurrence and prevention of rice blast. The effective agents that can be used are: Bacillus subtilis, polymycin, Chunremycin, etc. Biological pesticides, and chemical pesticides such as tricyclazole and albendazole.
The above is the characteristics of the early rice in the southern region and the corresponding remedial measures. I hope that everyone can make a reasonable reference to the actual situation in order to plant high-yielding rice.
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