Precautions for the cultivation of eggplants in greenhouses in winter, the technical requirements for the cultivation of eggplants in the off-season are relatively high, and the regulation of temperature, light, water, gas and fertilizer must be reasonable, in line with the requirements for the growth and development of eggplants, otherwise pests and diseases are prone to occur, especially physiological diseases are prone to occur, and Some physiological diseases are not easy to identify and slow to slow down. If they are not properly identified and prevented in time, they will affect the normal growth of the plants and thus reduce the yield. The symptoms, causes and prevention methods of the common physiological diseases in the greenhouse cultivation in the winter are now as follows.
First, the root
It mainly occurs in the seedling stage, and the adult stage also occurs. At the time of onset, the roots are not long, the roots are brown rust, the water stains are rotten, and the shoots are wilting and easy to pull up. The main reason is low room temperature, high humidity, insufficient light, resulting in low root pressure and poor water absorption.
Control methods: (1) Do not pour large water when the seedling stage and room temperature are low. It is best to use water under the mulch to inject small water. Listen to the weather forecast and choose to water the sunny day to ensure that there is at least two days of sunny after pouring. (2) Strengthen the refining of the seedlings, pay attention to ventilation, as long as the temperature is appropriate, even the cloudy days should also release the wind, cultivate strong seedlings and promote root growth. (3) Uncover the grass on time, and cover it in time on cloudy days to make full use of scattered light.
Second, the deformed fruit
The stiff fruit, also known as stone fruit, is a single-fruited, deformed fruit. The fruit is small, the skin is white, some surface is uplifted, the flesh is hard, and the palatability is poor. The main reason for its formation is low temperature, high temperature and continuous snowy days before and after flowering, and insufficient light, causing pollen dysplasia, affecting pollination and fertilization. In addition, during the flower bud differentiation period, the temperature is too low, the fertilizer is too much, the watering is excessive, the growth point is too nutritious, the flower buds are over-nutrition, the cell division is too strong, and the multi-cardiac malformation fruit, that is, the double-body eggplant, is caused. During the fruit growth process, it is too dry and suddenly watered, causing the growth speed of the peel to be less than that of the flesh.
Control methods (1) Strengthen temperature regulation, maintain 25-30 °C and appropriate temperature during flower bud differentiation and flowering, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 35 °C. (2) Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, timely watering and fertilizing, but do not apply excessive fertilizer and watering too much.
Third, falling flowers
There are many reasons for falling flowers. There are two kinds of physiological flowering. One is the flower bud differentiation period, the fertilizer is insufficient, the night temperature is high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the drought or water is too large, the lack of sunshine causes the quality of the flower to be poor, and the short column flower has many flowers. . Second, during the flowering period, the illumination is insufficient, the night temperature is high, the temperature and temperature control are greatly ups and downs, and the lack of water or the large water and large fertilizer causes the flowers to fall off a lot.
Control methods (1) Cultivate strong plants, strengthen the regulation of temperature and humidity, and timely and appropriate amount of fertilizer. Be careful not to warm up in the solar greenhouse, otherwise it will make the night temperature high and the flowers fall off a lot. (2) Apply the 2,4-D auxin (20-30)X10-6 to the stigma in the period when the eggplant buds are ready to be opened. When the temperature is low, use 3010-6. When the temperature is high, use 2010- 6, and the painted flowers can not be re-smeared, so you can add advertising colors to the flower liquid for marking.
Fourth, fat damage
1. Ammonia damage Ammonia gas is caused by excessive application of unfertilized farmyard manure or excessive nitrogen, ammonium bicarbonate and other volatile nitrogen fertilizers. When nitrogen fertilizer is applied, it is close to the root system. The soil concentration around the root system is large, and the eggplant cannot absorb water. In the case of poisoning, when the seedlings are damaged, the leaves are poisoned by water. When the seedlings are damaged, the leaves are surrounded by water-immersed blacks and die. When the plants are damaged, the leaves are chlorotic and dry, or the whole plant suddenly wilting.
2, nitrogen dioxide damage in the amount of fertilizer is too large, the soil from alkaline to acidic, nitrification bacteria activity is inhibited, nitrogen dioxide can not be converted into nitrate nitrogen in a timely manner to cause harm. Symptoms are irregular water-immersed pale spots on the upper leaves of the plants or brown spots on the leaves. After 2-3 days, the leaves are dry and the plants die in severe cases.
The main measures to prevent the above-mentioned fertilizer damage are to apply fully decomposed farmyard manure. When applying chemical fertilizers, especially when applying urea or ammonium bicarbonate, it is necessary to apply less diligence, timely watering after application, and strengthen ventilation. When ammonia damage occurs, spraying 1% vinegar on the back of the leaf can significantly reduce the hazard.
Fifth, physiological disorders
Excessive and insufficient nutrient elements in the soil can cause physiological obstacles in eggplant and affect its normal growth.
1. The color of the nitrogen-deficient leaves becomes lighter, the old leaves are yellow, and when they are heavy, they dry and fall off. The flower buds stop developing and turn yellow, and the heart leaves become smaller. The main reason is that the soil nitrogen content is small; the soil moisture content is large, which affects the conversion of available nitrogen; the application of nitrogen fertilizer is uneven.
The prevention and treatment method avoids the accumulation of water and applies high-quality agricultural fertilizer as the base fertilizer. Nitrogen deficiency will promptly supplement the available nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium bicarbonate and urea.
2. The lack of phosphorus stems are slender, the fibers are developed, the germination and differentiation and the end of the result are prolonged, the leaves become smaller, the color becomes darker, and the veins become red. The main reason is: the soil is acidic, the phosphorus is fixed by iron and magnesium, and it can not be absorbed; the ground temperature is low, the soil moisture is large, and the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer hinders the absorption of phosphorus by eggplant.
The prevention and treatment method uses phosphate fertilizer such as diammonium and superphosphate as base fertilizer. Phosphorus deficiency was found during cultivation, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.5% superphosphate solution was sprayed onto the foliage.
3. At the beginning of the potash fertilizer, the heart leaves become smaller, the growth is slower, the leaf color becomes lighter, and the veins are chlorotic in the later stage, and yellow-white plaques appear, and the leaf edge leaves gradually dry up. The main reason: the soil contains less potassium, the potassium fertilizer is insufficient; the ground temperature generation, insufficient light, and the high soil moisture hinder the absorption of potassium by eggplant.
The method of prevention and treatment is to apply organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, prevent soil water accumulation, timely raise the ground temperature by cultivating; remove the grasshopper on time; and find potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, plant ash or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate directly into the soil when potassium is lacking. The solution and 10% grass ash leachate were used for foliar application.
4. The calcium-deficient plant grows slowly, the growth point is deformed, the leaf margin of the young leaves is chlorotic, and the reticular veins of the leaves become brown, showing rust-like leaves. Cultivation of eggplant in soil that has been growing vegetables for many years is likely to cause calcium deficiency, or drought hinders the absorption of calcium by eggplant.
The control method is watered and fertilized on time. In the absence of calcium, apply calcium fertilizer or foliar spray with 20% calcium chloride solution, 1-2 times a week.
5. Near the magnesium veins, especially near the main veins, the leaves turn green, the leaves become smaller, and the development is poor. The main reason: the soil contains less magnesium or excessive antagonism of calcium, potassium and nitrogen. It hinders the absorption of calcium by eggplant.
Control methods Add organic fertilizers and mineral fertilizers containing magnesium, pay attention to the proportion of various fertilizers. When magnesium deficiency is found in cultivation, calcium magnesium phosphate can be applied or sprayed with 20% sulphur phosphorus on the foliar surface once a week.
This article URL: Winter greenhouse eggplant planting matters needing attention
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