With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, the awareness of food quality and safety, pollution-free, selenium-enriched, and nutritional value is getting higher and higher. Selenium-enriched lotus root is widely enjoyed by consumers, sales are increasing, and prices are rising. The benefits are obvious. The cultivation of lotus root in the middle and high-altitude paddy field in southern Shaanxi, especially the cultivation of selenium-enriched lotus root, is very popular among consumers. Planting 667m2 lotus root, the output is between 1000 and 1500?, the output value is between 8000 and 12000 yuan. The pollution-free, selenium-enriched high-quality lotus root has higher yield and value, and can reach output of 1500 to 2000? and output value of 10,000 to 20,000 yuan. The pollution-free, selenium-enriched lotus root has good technical requirements in terms of soil conditions, variety selection, planting techniques, field management, and crop rotation.
1 Soil Preparation and Fertilization
Choose convenient transportation, soil selenium content above 0.2?/?, paddy fields with good irrigation conditions as planting plots, plowing paddy field depth of 20 to 30?, with 667m2 high-quality farmyard fertilizer 3000? (Do not have in the farmyard fertilizer into the distiller's grains) In the ten days before planting, 5000 green manure was applied instead of farmyard manure; cake fertilizer 100, phosphate fertilizer 50, potash 30, evenly spread in the tumbling field; using a rotary cultivator or agricultural rake The field was smashed and waited until it was leveled. At the same time, 300-500 tons of selenium fertilizer is applied to every 667m2 of the plot with low selenium content (that is, the soil containing more than 3?/? of selenium is scattered into the soil with low selenium content to achieve the purpose of selenium supplementation).
2 Selection
There are two methods for selecting seeds: one is the use of local fine varieties; there are 3 to 5 sections, and there are 1 to 2 branches in buds; the characteristics are small products, low yield, good taste, powder, lubrication, price High; the second is the introduction of fine varieties; there are 3 to 5 sections, strong buds have 1 to 2 branches; characteristics are: a large product, high yield, poor taste, low price, easy to degenerate. After the experiment, the economic value of the two is quite equal.
3 Planting density and layout
For the cultivation of lotus root, the best planting distance is 1.5 meters, and the row spacing is 2 meters. The planting layout adopts the south direction. The heads of the lotus plants are headed to the south and planted in the wrong way (also known as plum blossoms). When planting the most south row, the lotus plants will be planted. north. This will not only achieve a reasonable layout, but also increase the density, can effectively increase production.
4 Planting time and depth
The lotus root planting time is from late March to early April. When the ground temperature stabilizes at 10 to 20°C, the lotus seed is deeply planted in a good field and covered with mud (15 to 20°C).
5 Field Management
(1) Pipe water and seedling inspection: Ensure that the water level of the paddy field is appropriate within 45 days after the lotus root is planted. Usually, the water depth is 10 to 15? It is advisable to recharge the water when the water level is too low. During this period, it is necessary to observe whether the lotus is floating [ E.com.cn/], or rot, if floating should be fixed in time with mud, timely treatment and replanting of rotten species of lotus. After the beginning of summer, the temperature rises, and the evaporation is large. It is also a long-term succession for lotus roots. The depth of water is preferably 20 to 30 angstroms, which can not only promote the maximum extension of louse, but also effectively prevent lodging. After the beginning of autumn, as the temperature drops, the lotus root grows into the starch growth period. At this time, the water level should gradually put shallow, and after the end of October, dry the water in the field to facilitate excavation.
(2) Weeding and pest control: lotus seedlings are mainly duckweed and duckweed, and duckweed can be removed by drying in 45 days. Dry the field water on a sunny day and dry it for 3 to 5 days so that duckweed will be fixed on the soil. In the drying field, while manually pulling out the beaver grass and other weeds, when weeding, we should pay attention to protecting the species from damage. Practice has proved that lotus root can not use chemical herbicides, it is easy to make lotus root tuber rot, resulting in reduced yield or even no harvest. The common insects of lotus roots are grasshoppers and lotus moths. In the same time weeding and drying fields, 667m2 kills 15 to 40 with fast killing. For the first time, insecticide is applied to the fields. After 5 days in the field, the field is filled with biogas slurry and 667m2500 to 1000 are used simultaneously. • Mix with water in the water inlet and put it in the field. It can be used to make up for fat and pests. It can be watered up to 15°C, so that the effect of removing duckweed can be achieved. The use of biogas slurry to supplement fertilizers can also effectively prevent the disease of lotus roots while preventing insects.
(3) Excavation and seed retention: After the end of October, lotus root has matured and can be excavated for sale. When excavating, the first choice is to leave the land for planting, and to keep the flowering and lush lotus plots as the next year's seed plots. The size of the area depends on the size of the planting area in the coming year. The second is to pick and dig the land after planting, and pay attention to the integrity of the lotus root during the excavation.
(4) Rotation: Lotus root is a kind of water-fertilizer crop, which requires high soil fertility. Often planting in a field will reduce the incidence of lotus root and increase the incidence of spoilage disease. Rotation of lotus root can not only increase the yield, but also prevent insects and disease, and is most suitable for the same rice rotation. The sowing time is basically the same, and the favorable field is replaced, and the farming time is not lost.
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