Potassium chloride is a variety of chemical potash fertilizers that are currently used in agricultural production and are inexpensive. However, the application of potassium chloride in many places has a low economic efficiency, mainly due to improper application methods. So, how to scientifically apply potassium chloride? Potassium chloride fertilizer contains chloride ions, which are one of the important components of salt. Therefore, the fertilizer is not suitable for application to saline-alkali soil, so as not to increase the salt content in the soil and increase the amount of saline-alkali.
Potassium chloride can be used as a base fertilizer and top dressing, and cannot be used as a seed fertilizer. Because chloride ions increase the salt concentration of the soil in the fertilization area, inhibit seed germination and seedling growth. Potassium chloride should not be applied to the “chlorine cropâ€. Chlorine crops include tobacco, sweet potatoes, potatoes, beets, fruit trees, tea trees, sugar cane and so on. Potassium chloride is generally not used as a foliar top dressing.
First, due to soil application. The lower the effective potassium content in the soil, the more significant the effect of applying potassium fertilizer to increase production. Experiences from various places have shown that potassium-deficient soils with an effective potassium content of less than 80×10-6, especially those with a potassium deficiency of less than 50×10-6, have low potassium supply capacity, and the effect of applying potassium fertilizer is most significant. Although the organic matter content is high in cold soaked fields and muddy fields, but due to high groundwater level, low water temperature and poor microbial activity, the effective potassium content in organic matter is also small, so the effect of potassium application is better.
It is not advisable to apply potassium chloride in the saline-alkali soil with poor water permeability, otherwise it will increase the salt damage to the soil. Potassium chloride is more suitable for application on neutral calcareous potassium-deficient soil. Potassium chloride should be applied to acidic soil. Lime and organic fertilizer should be applied together to prevent acidification of crops.
Second, due to crop application. Potassium chloride is most suitable for field crops such as rice, wheat, cotton, hemp, corn, sorghum, legumes, etc. It is better to apply potassium sulphate to chlorine-sensitive crops such as fruit trees, tobacco, sugar beets, sugar cane, and potatoes. Potassium chloride is applied.
Third, early application. Potassium chloride, whether used as a base fertilizer or as a top dressing, should be applied early to facilitate the washing of chloride ions to the lower layers of the soil through rainwater or irrigation water to remove or mitigate the damage of chloride ions to crops. The base fertilizer should be applied 7 to 10 days before sowing or transplanting, so that the soil can be adsorbed, chloride ions are leached, and the root layer of the crop is reduced by chlorine.
Fourth, the right amount of application. Master the application rate of potassium fertilizer when it has the greatest economic benefit. Generally, the application rate per acre is controlled between 7.5 and 10 kilograms. For sandy soils with poor fertilizer retention and water retention capacity, the principle of a small number of multiple applications should be followed.
5. Appropriate deep application. Most of the roots of the crops are concentrated in the soil layer of 10 to 25 cm. Therefore, the application of the base fertilizer layer, strip application and hole application should be below 8-12 cm, and the top dressing should not be shallower than 8 cm. Paddy fields are concealed under the water layer, and the aeration performance is poor, while rice absorption of potassium fertilizer needs to be carried out under aerobic conditions.
Therefore, the application of potassium chloride in rice fields should not be too deep, and the base fertilizer should be applied in the 8 cm soil layer. The thin water layer should be controlled, and water should not be allowed to enter and exit after one week to prevent the loss of potassium and affect the fertilizer efficiency.
Six, avoid farming fertilizer. Potassium chloride can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing, but it is not suitable for seed fertilizer. Because potassium chloride fertilizer contains a lot of chloride ions, it will affect the seed germination and seedling growth.
7. Cooperate with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer. In order to better coordinate the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and meet the needs of crops for various nutrients, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer should also be applied. (Chen Maochun, Shiyan Agricultural School, Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province)
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