I. Management of fruit maturity
(1) Drought resistance and flood prevention: In the late summer and early fall, sometimes the temperature is as high as 35°C or more. Dry hot air will cause the leaf margin to dry up and the fruit will be burned. In case of drought, it must be watered and drought-resistant in time. At the same time, we must often clear the ditch to prevent the fall.
(2) Foliar spray fertilizer: Mix 0.2% KH2PO4 solution and 0.4% urea solution, spray the leaves twice and spray once every 10 days.
(3) Topping: To continue picking up the new two or three new shoots and must complete it before the end of August and two or three new shoots stop growing.
(IV) Prevention and control of pests and diseases. Diseases and insect pests that mainly damage trees and fruits during this period include:
1, early defoliation: In the tree carrying a large amount of fruit in the fall of the high temperature and humidity environment, the tree is susceptible to black spot, brown spot, ring leaf spot and other fungal diseases, resulting in before fruit picking Early defoliation seriously affected tree vigor and fruit quality. 2. Bacterial ulcer disease: Bacterial ulcer disease, which mainly damages the trunk, branches and leaves. The damaged branches of the cortex decayed and showed a brownish water-stained lesion. The disease is mainly harmed in the spring and will form a secondary peak in the autumn. However, the harm is not obvious, and prevention and treatment must be strengthened.
3. Scale insects: In early August and early September, scale insects are in a vigorous incubation period. 4. Leafhoppers: The adults or nymphs of leafhoppers suck the sap of the trunks and leaves, causing chlorosis of the leaves and severely affecting photosynthesis.
Integrated control methods: 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 3000-times solution, 72% agricultural streptomycin 500-fold solution, and 20% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold solution, mixed and sprayed Spray twice every 7-10 days.
II. Management before fruit harvest
From late September to mid-September, the daily average temperature is around 25-27 degrees Celsius. About 10 days before and after, the fruits mature one after another. 15 to 20 days before harvest, the fruit bag was removed. It was sprayed once with thiophanate-methyl 1000-fold solution to avoid the occurrence of germs during storage. Within 5 days before fruit harvesting, the garden can not be watered to reduce the natural moisture in the fruit, extend the storage time, and ensure the storage effect.
Third, harvest
(i) Timely fruit picking: Early harvesting will seriously affect the quality of fruit; late harvest is not conducive to storage and transportation. Timing of timely fruit-picking specific reference is: fruit growth and development for 130 to 140 days; fruit seeds were dark brown, ovary red color degree.
(2) Precautions for fruit picking: The fruit surface has dewdrops or no fruit can be picked on rainy days. Before 11 to 15 o'clock on sunny days, fruit can not be picked when there is strong light, avoiding the increase of water loss due to field heat, and affecting the storage effect. Containers used for the shipment of fruits must be filled with soft liners such as foam, paper, cloth, etc. They must not be shipped directly. Fruit picking staff must wear soft gloves.
(C) picking and transport methods: When the fruit is picked up, the fruit is pushed upward first, and then gently pulled back, and the fruit is removed along with the harvest; according to the required quality standards, fruit grading is not adopted, and artificial waste can be reduced. It can also avoid colliding with the peel because of a lot of selection. After the fruit is picked up, put it in a portable container and put it in a fruit box or dill basket; The harvested fruit should be placed in a cool place for heat dissipation. When transporting, it should be lightly loaded and lightly transported.
IV. Management after fruit harvesting
After fruit harvesting, the temperature will gradually decrease. In October, after the temperature dropped to 10°C, the branches of Hongyang Kiwifruit will stop growing.
(a) spray: After fruit picking, spray as soon as possible. Use 50% of carbendazim 600 times, or 70% of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times; control black spot and brown spot diseases and other diseases continue to harm the tree; use 20% of chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times , Prevention and treatment of pests such as nymphs of leaf roller moths and scale insects continues to harm the trees. After mixing several liquids, spray the whole garden once.
(B) autumn base fertilizer and regulate soil pH
Autumn basal fertilization is very important for the growth and development of Hongyang kiwifruit. The use volume accounts for 70% of the annual total basal fertilizer. Early application can restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, which will help the kiwifruit tree body to store more nutrients in the winter and ensure high quality and high yield in the coming year. Therefore, it is necessary to apply basal fertilizer in time after fruit harvesting, and at the same time regulate the pH of the soil.
If the pH of soil is higher than 7 or more neutral or partially alkaline soil, the regulation method is to apply more organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer can produce acidic minerals to carry out soil acidification. For each mu of orchards, 4000-5000 kg of composted farmyard manure, 100 kg of superphosphate and 20-30 kg of ferrous sulfate are applied. If the soil pH value is less than 5 of the acid soil, the regulation method is quantitatively applied to compost the decomposed farmyard manure and increase the amount of alkali. For each mu of orchards, 2,000 to 3,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 100 kg of quick lime are applied. There are three main methods for fertilizing and basal fertilization in autumn:
(1) Slotted fertilization: Dig a long trough with a width of 20 to 30 cm and a depth of about 20 cm along the center of the tree line, apply the fertilizer for the farmyard fertilizer into the ditch, transfer the chemical fertilizer against the dung, and then pour it into the trough. In the ditch, manure is poured after the manure is poured to avoid loss of fertilizer and to facilitate root healing.
(2) Radial fertilization: About 30 cm away from the trunk, dig four trenches around the trunk, the width of the trench is about 20cm, the depth is 10 to 20cm, and the length is 1.5m, then fertilize the soil.
(3) Spread fertilization
Mix the farmyard fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer with Ph value on the surface of the tree tray. Then plunge the entire car surface and turn the fertilizer and weeds into the soil, but avoid too many roots.
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