In recent years, feed acidifiers have become pollution-free, residue-free, high-efficiency feed additives, and microecological preparations, enzyme preparations, fragrances, etc. have become green feed additives and have successfully replaced part of feed antibiotics in animal husbandry production. It is also increasingly common.
Feed acidifiers are a class of substances that can only acidify feed and were originally used as a flavor additive to improve feed palatability. The addition of acidifying agents to feed can reduce the pH value of the gastrointestinal tract, improve the digestion of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, inhibit the reproduction of harmful microorganisms in the intestine, promote animal growth, and enhance the immune function of animals. It can reduce stress and effectively replace feed antibiotics. It is a widely used feed additive.
1, the type of feed acidifier
Acids for use in feed acidifiers include inorganic and organic acids. Inorganic acids are dominated by strong acids. Currently, there are mainly phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid. Inorganic acids are characterized by their strong acidity and low added cost. The use effect of hydrochloric acid is affected by the balance of diet and electrolysis. Phosphoric acid can play an important role in acidification and can supplement phosphorus. The effect of inorganic acid additive is less, and the effect is not obvious. When the additive content is high, the palatability of the feed, damage to the oral mucosa and corrosion of the feed processing machinery will be affected. In the production of pigs, organic acids are used more, because they can improve the palatability of feed, and they can directly enter the animal body to participate in metabolism and have the effect of improving feed quality and animal growth performance. Common organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid lactic acid, sorbic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and the like. Although the organic acidifier has a high price, it has a good flavor and can directly enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the body and has a good effect in promoting the growth of young animals.
Both organic acids and inorganic acids have their specific advantages and disadvantages, and their respective mechanisms of action are different. The mixed use can produce complementary synergistic effects, thereby enhancing the use effect. In order to overcome the deficiency or deficiency of a single acidifier, inorganic acids and organic acids or organic acids and organic acids are currently compounded to form a complex acidifier, thereby improving the application effect of the acidifier, which can rapidly reduce the pH value and maintain good Buffer value and biological performance and the best added cost, while reducing the corrosion of acidifying agents on the equipment and the skin and mucous membrane tissue stimulation.
2, the role of feed acidifier mechanism
2.1 Effect on intestinal and digestive metabolism
Acidifiers can reduce the pH of the digestive tract, activate pepsinogen, and stimulate the duodenum to secrete trypsin and increase the activity of many other digestive enzymes in the stomach. The development of the digestive tract system in young animals is not yet complete, and the secretion of gastric acid in the digestive tract is insufficient. It is necessary to supplement acid from feed to regulate the acidic environment of the digestive tract. The pH value of the animal's stomach is 2.0 to 3.5, and the pH value in the small intestine is 5 to 7 in an acidic environment. Adding an acidulant to the feed enables the feed components to be fully digested and absorbed in the body, thereby improving the growth performance and enhancing the body resistance. .
Low pH can slow the rate of gastric emptying, prolong the residence time of the feed in the stomach, and complete protein breakdown. Acidity can affect the evacuation speed of the digestive tract in a feedback manner, and its effect in the stomach is more significant. Gastric emptying is mainly controlled by the pressure difference between the stomach pylorus and the front of the duodenum. When the acidic chyme enters the small intestine, it forms chemical stimuli on the wall of the duodenum, which delays the emptying of the stomach, increases the time for the chyme to stay in the stomach, and improves the digestion and utilization of nutrients. Acids and fats can also promote the secretion of secretin and gastric inhibitory peptides in the small intestine mucosa, inhibit the movement of the stomach and delay gastric emptying. The inhibition of gastric emptying by the duodenal factor gradually disappears as the acid in the chyme is neutralized and the food digestion product is absorbed.
Most organic acids are important intermediates in the energy conversion process and can directly participate in metabolism. For example, the tricarboxylic acid cycle reaction begins with the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetic acid to citric acid, which is also an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Lactic acid is involved in metabolism in the body and is one of the end products of glycolysis. It also releases energy through gluconeogenesis. The addition of organic acids to the diet can increase the animal's digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy materials. Fumaric acid provides a shorter energy pathway than glucose, and can be used for the emergency synthesis of ATP under stress conditions to increase body resistance.
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