In order to improve cotton yield and improve quality, in addition to the use of excellent varieties and advanced cultivation management measures, rational fertilization plays a decisive role. Nowadays, the production of chemical fertilizers at home and abroad continues to increase, and the variety of chemical fertilizers is gradually increasing. It is necessary not only to meet the needs of various nutrient elements in cotton growth, but also to pay attention to fertilization techniques. Pay attention to the combination of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers, so that the application of chemical fertilizers can be economical and reasonable, reduce costs and improve efficiency.
Cotton is a deep-rooted crop with a long growing season and a large amount of fertilizer, which has high requirements for soil fertility. Organic matter is one of the main material foundations of soil fertility. Generally, cotton fields with high organic matter have high soil fertility.
Therefore, the way to fertilize the soil in cotton fields is to apply more farmyard manure, with appropriate quantitative fertilizer as base fertilizer to be applied to the soil before turning to the ground in autumn. As a fertilizer for base fertilizer, the depth of application is deeper, and after tillage, the soil and fertilizer can be blended, the fertilizer efficiency is relatively balanced, and the maintenance time is long, which is beneficial to improving the soil and fertilizing the soil. Long-term no application of farmyard manure, relying solely on chemical fertilizers to supply cotton nutrients, it is often easy to make the soil structure worse, resulting in imbalance of certain nutrients, can not guarantee the high quality and high yield of cotton.
First, the goal of fertilization
1. Improve and maintain soil fertility and create a good water and fertilizer environment for high crop yield.
2. Strengthen the root system, coordinate the contradiction between supply and demand of nutrients, meet the growth demand, and achieve high yield.
3. Balance nutrition, enhance crop resistance, improve quality and ensure stable production.
Second, cotton fertilizer requirements
Cotton needs different nutrients in its lifetime, but the number and proportion of nutrients required in different stages of growth are different. For every 100 kg of seed cotton produced, nitrogen (N) 4.62 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1.60 kg and potassium (K2O) 4.81 kg are required.
Target production: seed cotton 400 kg / mu.
(1) Nitrogen fertilizer
The amount of nitrogen (N) required is 20 kg/mu (equivalent to 45 kg/mu of urea), and the low-fertility cotton field is increased by 10-20%.
Nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer: 10% to 40% of the nitrogen requirement as the base fertilizer. 10-20% of nitrogen fertilizer in medium fertility cotton field is used as base fertilizer (5-10 kg/mu of urea).
(2) Phosphate fertilizer
The utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in the current year is low: 15-20%. Phosphate fertilizer has poor mobility in soil and cannot be effectively absorbed and utilized by crop roots.
Under the yield of 400kg/mu seed cotton, the soil available phosphorus content is 20-30 mg/kg, which is medium level. The amount of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 6-7 kg, and the medium level can be used as 20-40% of the base fertilizer, and the rest is applied as a top dressing with water droplets.
(three) potash
It is recommended that the application rate of potassium fertilizer is 3~5 kg/mu for K2O. For the strong sanding, the application amount of potassium fertilizer can be appropriately increased (K2O5~8 kg/mu). At medium levels, 20-40% of the base fertilizer can be used, and the rest is applied as a top dressing with water droplets.
(four) micro-fertilizer
In the micro-fertilizer soil, the trace elements are deficient in the farmland, and the trace elements are recommended as the base fertilizer, supplemented by the top dressing (with water droplets or foliar spray). In general farmland, the application of micro-fertilizer is recommended for top dressing (with water droplets or foliar application).
Third, full-layer fertilization or autumn fertilization recommendations
Generally, 8 to 10 kilograms of urea is applied in the depth of the soil before the grounding, 3 to 15 kilograms of phosphorus fertilizer (including effective P2O5: 40 to 50%), 2 to 5 kilograms of potassium fertilizer, or a certain amount of organic fertilizer. In order to ensure the quality of fertilization must be not heavy, the depth of ploughing is 28 to 30 cm, and it is better to carry out the deep loosening under conditions, and the land after plowing is flat.
Part of this article was selected from Professor Hou Zhen'an's courseware. The text was published by the Corps Plant Protection, and was published on the Corps Plant Protection WeChat platform and today's headlines. Please indicate the source!
This article URL: Cotton high-yield planting techniques: cotton full-layer fertilization technology in autumn
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