What are the common pests and diseases of rapeseed? Rapeseed is actually Chinese cabbage, native to China, its stem color is dark green, and it is like white cabbage. It is a cross-bred cabbage variety and the flowers are yellow. The following small series will take everyone to learn about the characteristics and control measures of rapeseed pests and diseases.
1 Causes of rapeseed pests and diseases
1.1 Weather factors
The weather is one of the main factors in the cause of rapeseed, because the aphid will increase greatly in spring and autumn due to the climate drought. In the other two seasons, the economic losses of rapeseed growers will be relatively reduced because the weather is cold and humid and the chances of occurrence are reduced. Moreover, the types of aphids appearing in different climates are different, so the control of aphids needs to be carried out according to the specific climate of Tongren County.
1.2 Rainfall factors
The amount of rainfall has the most direct impact on the severity of rapeseed pests and diseases. When the rainfall in the area is less than one millimeter, the chance of occurrence of rapeseed pests is extremely low. If the rainfall is one to three millimeters, then the rape pests and diseases that occur at this time are less harmful. Once the rainfall reaches five millimeters or more than five millimeters, the incidence of rapeseed pests and diseases and their harmfulness will increase greatly.
1.3 Humidity factor and temperature factor
Different planting areas, because of their different air humidity and temperature, will produce different degrees of rapeseed pests and diseases. The spread of rapeseed pests and diseases will increase greatly when the air humidity reaches 80% or more. In addition, the growth rate of rapeseed pests and diseases at a suitable temperature will increase greatly, and the losses caused by rapeseed pests and diseases on the rapeseed planting area will increase. Therefore, the growers need to adjust the temperature and humidity of the rapeseed planting area to minimize the occurrence of rapeseed pests and diseases while ensuring the normal growth of rapeseed.
2 Common types of rapeseed pests and diseases, causes and countermeasures
2.1 Rape sclerotinia
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a pathogen that is distributed in the land and in the seeds of rapeseed. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurs mainly during periods of warm and humid air. When the rapeseed sclerotinia disease occurs, it will cause great harm to the stem of rapeseed, especially when the rapeseed is in flowering and pod formation, the most serious phenomenon is death.
Therefore, the land and seeds of the planting area should be treated before the rapeseed is planted, and the rape plants in the warm and humid period should be protected to reduce the chance of being infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
2.2 Downy mildew
Rapeseed downy mildew, its pathogen is a fungus, often deposited inside the seed and in soil and manure fertilizer. As the seeds germinate, the downy mildew that is deposited inside the seeds causes the seedlings to develop lesions. Multiple parts of the plant were subsequently infiltrated during the various governors of the plant. Downy mildew occurs mostly in indefinitely planted areas where disease and growth rates are highest.
It is necessary to remove the diseased leaves that have been inoculated in the early stage of growth of the rapeseed plants, and to carry out deep burial or incineration treatment on the removed diseased leaves. Once the morbidity is serious, it should be combined with the agent to prevent it.
2.3 Virus disease
Rapeseed virus disease, the cause of its disease is more complicated, mainly by a variety of viruses on the rapeseed plants to re-dip, and rely on aphids as a means of transmission of the virus. The virus is most common in the dry and dry spring, and the disease is also the highest.
Therefore, the prevention and control of viral diseases requires the selection of rapeseed varieties with high-intensity disease resistance during rapeseed cultivation, and appropriate adjustments should be made to the rapeseed to planting time and ventilation in the planting area.
2.4 Locust
Among the rape pests and diseases, the more harmful aphids are radish and flea. These two aphids breed faster and are more destructive to rapeseed plants, which is the main source of economic loss in rapeseed cultivation. These two aphids are mainly concentrated in the leaves, stems and flower shafts of rapeseed, which facilitates the absorption of the juice of the plants. The aphid absorbs the juice in the plant and causes great damage to the chlorophyll inside the canola.
For the control of aphids, the main method is to use medicinal agents to control aphids through scientific and rational dosage ratios, and at the same time pay attention to the resistance of aphids.
3 Control measures for rapeseed pests and diseases
3.1 Seed selection and treatment before sowing
Before the rapeseed planting work, strict selection and processing of rapeseed seeds is required. When selecting, the rapeseed seeds should have the following characteristics, no pathogens and resistance, and the seed skin and appearance are not damaged. Processing work: First, the seeds need to be seeded and seeded within 3 days before sowing, and the surface pathogens are removed. Then, the selected seeds are soaked with a certain concentration of salt water, and the hidden necrotic seeds are selected. Finally, formalin or 70% methyl thiophanate is used for seed dressing or 15% potassium permanganate and Soaking seeds with 40% formaldehyde solution, increasing the disease resistance rate and germination rate of seeds. In addition, the appropriate time should be selected at the time of sowing and the spacing between the plants should be determined to ensure that the seedlings will have the best growth space and self-protection ability after the plants are germinated.
3.2 Chemical control
When the incidence of rapeseed pests and diseases is serious, chemical control can only be used instead of conventional methods to control rapeseed pests and diseases. Because the control of rapeseed pests and diseases is mainly for the purpose of prevention, the adoption and implementation of chemical products should be targeted and timely. Firstly, chemical control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is carried out, and 1000-1200 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be sprayed once at the flowering and flowering stages. Secondly, the chemical control of downy mildew can be used. The % concentration of metalaxyl emulsifiable concentrate was controlled by spraying before the flowering period; the last was aphids, which took 4.5 ml of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin per acre and then sprayed with water. When the incidence of pests and diseases in the rapeseed planting area is extremely serious, a mixture of various chemical agents can be applied for spraying, thereby achieving the purpose of chemical control.
3.3 Strengthening agricultural measures during planting
When carrying out the cultivation of rapeseed, it is necessary to pay attention to the scientific and rational use of fertilizer, so that the soil fertility can be most effectively enhanced. Moreover, since the occurrence of rapeseed pests and diseases is affected by temperature and humidity, the ventilation and drainage work inside the field should be strengthened. Weeds around the plants in the planting area should be removed in time to provide a comfortable and good growing environment and sufficient nutrients for the rape plants. The seedlings of the newly emerged rapeseed plants should be properly protected to ensure that they are not affected by natural factors.
Only a comprehensive understanding of the situation of rapeseed pests and diseases can be the right medicine. Rapeseed growers should understand the main factors that cause the occurrence of rapeseed pests and diseases, and take corresponding control measures. They must also do a good job in the prevention and treatment of seed treatment drugs and strengthen agricultural measures. Only in this way can they effectively protect their own economic interests and achieve their own interests. maximize.
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