Tomatoes are one of the favorite vegetables, rich in vitamins, sweet and sour, whether it is raw or cooked. Here, Hui Nong Xiaobian said that when tomatoes are best planted, how to cultivate in the open field.
Tomatoes are usually grown in the open field in the open field in the spring. Tomatoes are planted in spring at the end of February, planted in the middle and late April, and staged in mid-June.
Excellent variety selection
It adopts infinite growth type late-maturing varieties with strong anti-reverse disease resistance, high fruit set rate, not easy to crack fruit, good storage and transportation, good quality and high yield potential, and the whole growth period is 150-170 days. Such as Dahong No. 1, Jiafen No. 15, and Jinzhong Miscellaneous No. 9.
Planting field management
Site preparation
On the basis of autumn and winter irrigation, spring irrigation is carried out from the end of March to the beginning of April, and the per mu irrigation volume is 60-80 m3. Before ploughing the ground, apply 3000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure or 200 kg of highly concentrated refined organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of special phosphorus fertilizer for NPK vegetables (or 25 kg of diammonium, 15 kg of urea, 15 kg of potassium sulfate), and boron fertilizer. 1 kg. Suitable for ploughing, ploughing 30 cm, and timely honing and maintaining the standard of “qi, flat, loose, broken, clean and transparentâ€; after the land preparation, the width of the ridge is 70 cm, the width of the bottom is 50 cm, and the ridge 20 cm high, grooving and covering the film.
2. Colonization
Before planting, use the original acetochlor 100-120 ml or 33% “Shi Tianbu†emulsifiable concentrate 150-200 ml, and evenly spray 40 kg with water, shallow 耙 4-6 cm to seal the soil.
The planting of openland tomatoes should be carried out in the middle and late April, when the seedling age is 45 to 50 days, the seedling height is 15-20 cm, and the number of main stem leaves is 5-6 pieces. Before the planting, the ridge surface film is tightly buckled, usually adopting (50 cm + 70 cm) × 40 cm colonization mode, the planting density per mu is 2,778, and the harvest density can reach 2,361 (85% seedling rate). When planting, firstly drill holes according to the row spacing, and then water in the wells; when the water is immersed in half, the seedlings are taken out from the nutrition bag, and the holes are placed in the holes to be buried to the roots and shoots.
3 to 5 days after planting, the seedling water is poured in time; after 15~20, the seedling period is strictly controlled to control the irrigation, and the root system is promoted; when the first ear is expanded, 20 kg of urea is applied per acre; When the fruit is inflated, 15 to 20 kg of urea is applied per acre with water; the number of watering and the amount of watering increase with the increase of fruit, and 10 to 15 kg of urea should be applied per acre to increase the fruit setting rate; fruit enlargement The leaf surface is sprayed with 150-200 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu, and 100 g of urea is sprayed 2 to 3 times.
3. Racking vines
After the planting is completed, the first ear fruits should be laid in time before flowering. The tree stems with a length of 1.6 to 1.8 m can be used for fixing in the furrows of 8 to 10 cm from the tomato seedlings. Each plant is connected in parallel to form a "human" frame. When the first inflorescence is flowering, the vines are tied, and the vines are tied with cloth strips or plastic ropes to ensure that the inflorescences of the tomatoes are favorable to the flowers and fruits.
4. Harvest at the right time
At the flowering stage, foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 150 ~ 200g + quick-acting boron 30 g / acre, 60 kg of water spray, for root dressing, promote fruit set.
The fruit is ripened 60 days after flowering, and it is picked in batches according to the principle of “mature batch, harvesting batchâ€. When picking fruit, the fruit handle should not be taken to avoid stabbing other fruits. In order to avoid rotten fruit and cracked fruit, fresh fruit should be harvested in the color-changing or semi-ripe period; storage or long-distance transportation should be harvested in the white ripening period.
5. Pest control
1 Viral disease: The main cause of viral disease is prevention, and it is sprayed with virus speed 1000-2000 times liquid or 20% virus A 500-700 times liquid or 20% virus spirit 500 times liquid spray.
2 nights of disease: prevention and treatment of tomato late blight, can be sprayed with 77.2% Plex water 800 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times liquid spray, sprayed once every 7-8 days for 2 times.
3 mites: use lO% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid spray control.
4 spotted fly: use 20% spotted net 1500 ~ 2000 times liquid or 10% latent kill 800 ~ 1500 times liquid spray control.
Tomatoes use batch harvesting mode; the average per mu yield is 4,600 kg, the average output value of mu is 4,600 yuan, the average material input is 3032 yuan, and the average yield per mu is 1,568 yuan. Planting benefits are considerable.
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